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Study of the Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated From Iraqi Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

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Abstract

Urinary tract infection is one of the last diseases prevalent in humans, with various causative agents affecting 250 million people annually, This study analyzed UTIs in Iraqi patients caused by Escherichia coli. ESBL enzymes contribute to antibiotic resistance. The research aimed to analyze ESBL gene frequency, resistance patterns, and genetic diversity of E. coli strains; Between Dec 2020 and May 2021, 200 urine samples were collected, cultured on blood agar, EMB, and MacConkey's plates, samples incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Positive samples (> 100 cfu/ml) underwent Kirby-Bauer and CLSI antibiotic susceptibility testing. PCR detected virulence genes, Beta-lactamase coding genes, and biofilm-associated resistance genes in E. coli isolates; Out of 200 isolates, 80% comprised Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, 120 isolates (60%) were Gram-negative, while 40 isolates (20%) were Gram-positive. Among Gram-negative isolates, 20% were identified as E. coli. Remarkably, all E. coli strains showed resistance to all tested antibiotics, ranging from 80 to 95% resistance. The E. coli isolates harbored three identified resistance genes: blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTXM. Regarding biofilm production, 10% showed no formation, 12% weak formation, 62% moderate formation, and 16% strong formation; our study found that pathogenic E. coli caused 20% of UTIs. The majority of studied E. coli strains from UTI patients carried the identified virulence genes, which are vital for infection development and persistence.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory, Iraq. The authors would like to thank Baghdad hospital staff for their logistic support and their help in the sampling.

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  1. Faculty of Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Sfax University, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia

    Kareem Mouhammed & Radhouane Gdoura

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  1. Kareem Mouhammed
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  2. Radhouane Gdoura
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by KM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Radhouane Gdoura.

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Mouhammed, K., Gdoura, R. Study of the Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated From Iraqi Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Microbiol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-023-01123-3

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