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Application of chemometric modeling for identification of pollution sources from drains of Ghaggar River, Punjab, India

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Abstract

In the present research work, physicochemical analysis on the drainage system was conducted by including three drains of Ghaggar River (Punjab) India. The study was focused on the drains, namely Sirhind Choe (S1), Patiala River (S2), and Dhakanshu Drain (S3). These drains receive untreated sewage, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents from several major cities, towns, and villages of Punjab. In this study, fifteen physicochemical parameters were determined from water samples collected from each drain in five seasons during 2017-2018. The analytical results of all three sites showed that total suspended solids (TSS), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were found above the permissible limit of the Center Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. Further, "Chemometric Modeling" was used to interpret complex data. The statistical tools such as Correlation Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA), Cluster Analysis (CA), and Discriminant Analysis (DA) were performed on the data set. A strong interrelationship between the parameters of each site was depicted in the correlation analysis. The PCA/FA identified the agricultural and domestic pollution from the study area. The temporal CA reduced the seasonal data into four significant clusters. The spatial DA predicted four parameters viz., total hardness, total dissolved solids, temperature, and sulfate as important discriminant variables with 100% correct assignment. In this study, chemometric modeling contributed to understanding the water quality patterns in wastewater drains scientifically and efficiently. The statistical tools identified major pollution contributors and temporal ways that provide sustainable water resource management guidelines.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, 147 002, India

    Harneet Kaur & Amritpal Singh Kaleka

  2. School of Energy and Environment, Thapar University Patiala, Punjab, 147 004, India

    Anita Rajor

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  1. Harneet Kaur
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All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Harneet Kaur. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Harneet Kaur. Supervision, review and editing were made by Anita Rajor and Amritpal Singh Kaleka. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Kaur, H., Rajor, A. & Kaleka, A.S. Application of chemometric modeling for identification of pollution sources from drains of Ghaggar River, Punjab, India. Sādhanā 47, 251 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-022-02018-7

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