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Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of Ganga Canal water quality in Uttarakhand

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Abstract

Assessment of physicochemical parameters of Ganga Canal water was carried out during 2012–2013 at Haridwar (Uttarakhand) with two different sites, i.e., Bhimgoda Barrage (site 1—control site) and Bahadrabad (site 2—contaminated site), where canal water flows with loads of pollution from highly commercial and industrial areas. During investigation, maximum turbidity (287.72 ± 56.28 JTU), total solids (1167.60 ± 303.90 mg l−1), free CO2 (1.88 ± 0.22 mg l−1), total hardness (60.14 ± 1.13 mg l−1), pH (7.1 ± 0.13), nitrate (0.048 ± 0.010), nitrite (0.019 ± 0.001), biochemical oxygen demand (2.866 ± 1.098), chemical oxygen demand (6.8 ± 2.61) and phosphate (0.087 ± 0.015), while minimum velocity (1.71 ± 0.19 ms−1), transparency (0.12 ± 0.08 m) and dissolved oxygen (7.95 ± 0.44 mg l−1) were recorded in monsoon season at site 2 in comparison with site 1. The mean values of these parameters were compared with WHO and ISI standards and found significant differences (p < 0.05) in the mean values of turbidity, total solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2 and total hardness with sampling sites. The turbidity of both the sites 1 and 2 was recorded above the permissible limit. Turbidity of site 2 is much higher than of site 1, so it is counted as more polluted. The values of the studied parameters were more during monsoon season and summer season at site 2 as compared to site 1. The results indicated that most of the physicochemical parameters from Ganga Canal system were within or at periphery in comparison with permissible limit of ISI and WHO for drinking water and therefore may be suitable for domestic purposes, but it requires perceptible consideration due to intense changes in climate and increase in pollution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India

    Gagan Matta

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, India

    Sachin Srivastava

  3. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    R. R. Pandey

  4. National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    K. K. Saini

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  1. Gagan Matta
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  2. Sachin Srivastava
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  3. R. R. Pandey
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  4. K. K. Saini
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Correspondence to Gagan Matta.

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Matta, G., Srivastava, S., Pandey, R.R. et al. Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of Ganga Canal water quality in Uttarakhand. Environ Dev Sustain 19, 419–431 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-015-9735-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-015-9735-x

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