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Experimental investigation of drying kinetics of apple with hot air, microwave and ultrasonic power

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Abstract

The experiments were performed for various conditions at 40–60 °C air temperature, 0.5–1.5 m/s air velocity, 120–600 W microwave and 50–200 W ultrasonic power so as to investigate the effects of drying air temperature, air velocity, microwave and ultrasonic power on the drying characteristics of apple slices. In the study, the combined use of hot air, microwave and ultrasonic energy for apple slices was determined as the most effective and fastest drying method. Besides, according to the experimental results applied to the models selected from the literature, the model that best described the drying characteristics of the apple under the microwave and ultrasonic effect was that of Midilli et al and the correlation coefficient R2 was calculated to be between 0.9969 and 0.9999.

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Abbreviations

a, b, c :

Constants of models

\( D_{eff} \) :

Diffusion coefficient, m2/s

\( D_{o} \) :

Arrhenius factor, m2/s

DR:

Drying rate, gw/gdm min

\( E_{a} \) :

Activation energy, kJ/mol

\( k \) :

Drying rate constants in models, 1/min

K :

Slope

\( L \) :

Half the thickness of the thin layer slice, m

M d :

Mass of dry matter, g

M o :

Initial mass, g

M w :

Mass of wet matter, g

MR:

Moisture ratio

n :

Exponents in model equations

R :

Universal gas constant, kJ/mol K

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

RMSE:

Root mean square error

RH:

Relative humidity, %

t :

Drying time, min

T :

Temperature, °C

\( T_{abs} \) :

Absolute temperature, K

\( V \) :

Air velocity, m/s

\( \Delta t \) :

Time, min

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Tübitak Teydeb Contract No. 2140020. They also thank Selçuk University and Necmettin Erbakan University for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Aviation, Selçuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey

    SONER ŞEN

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42310, Konya, Turkey

    FATİH AYDIN

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Correspondence to SONER ŞEN.

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ŞEN, S., AYDIN, F. Experimental investigation of drying kinetics of apple with hot air, microwave and ultrasonic power. Sādhanā 45, 94 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01326-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01326-0

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