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The reflectance spectroscopy of ultramafic rocks from the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex, NE India: Convergence of spectroscopic and petrological analyses

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Abstract

The mafic–ultramafic cumulate rocks and mantle peridotites of an ophiolite are excellent recorders of the geodynamic evolution of a fossil subduction zone. The spectro-radiometric absorption features of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and serpentine, which are the dominant constituents of these ultramafic rocks, have emerged as essential tools for their identification. This study uses six different kinds of ultramafic rock samples – spinel lherzolite, spinel harzburgite, wehrlite, orthopyroxenite, olivine websterite, and dunite compositions from the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex, NE India. These are investigated with integrated petrographic, mineral and bulk rock compositional and reflectance spectroscopic studies to identify the constituent minerals. The study indicates that the most dominant olivine absorption features vary from 1038 to 1049 nm in Ni-poor ultramafic cumulates of wehrlite (Mg# = 89, Ni = 355 ppm) and olivine websterite (Mg# = 90.5, Ni = 361 ppm) to 1066–1097 nm in nickeliferous mantle peridotites of dunite (Mg# = 87, Ni = 3658 ppm) and spinel lherzolite (Mg# = 87, Ni = 2708 ppm) compositions. Reversal of the 625 nm reflectance maximum in olivine occurs for Ni concentrations in the mineral between 2200 and 2955 ppm. The low-Ca pyroxene (cf. orthopyroxene) species show characteristic absorption features at 902–926 nm in lherzolite and harzburgite samples and 918 nm in monomineralic orthopyroxenite. High-Ca pyroxene (cf. clinopyroxene) in most rocks records absorption features at 643–666 and 709–811 nm. The study also recognises major absorption bands at 1382–1400, 1913–1948, and 2304–2326 nm as indicative of secondary hydrous minerals as a product of alteration in the investigated rocks. The significance of major (Mg–Fe) and minor (Mn, Ni and Cr) element compositions of these ultramafic rocks to explain specific spectral signatures in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene is discussed. The findings are expected to aid the interpretation of remotely sensed data from terrestrial and extra-terrestrial bodies, mapping ultramafic cumulate and mantle peridotite rocks in remote, covered, and unmapped terranes of ophiolitic origin, and in the process, identification of fossil oceanic subduction systems.

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Acknowledgements

The paper constitutes a part of the doctoral thesis work of Libeesh Lukose, for which he acknowledges funding from the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) (Grant Nos. IIT/KCSTC/Chair./New Appr./15-16/09; IIT/KCSTC/Chair./New/P/18-19/01) to undertake geological fieldwork and analytical work and the infrastructural support from the Head, Department of Geology & Geophysics, IIT Kharagpur. We acknowledge the help of Aliba Ao, Anamitra Dasgupta, Bisworanjan Pradhan, and the National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Thiruvananthapuram, for geological fieldwork, microphotography, EPMA, and XRF analytical work. The reflectance spectroscopy data were generated in the laboratory of RRSC-E ISRO Kolkata. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and competent editorial handling by Prof. S Dasgupta helped us to improve the manuscript. The work is an outcome of the joint collaborative research project between ISRO and IIT Kharagpur, for which SKB and DD sincerely appreciate the efforts of Dr Ganesh Raj (Scientist ISRO) and Prof. D Roychowdhury (former Chairman, KCSTC, IIT Kharagpur) to implement the collaboration.

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  1. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721 302, West Bengal, India

    Libeesh Lukose, Mayashri Rajkakati & Santanu Kumar Bhowmik

  2. RRSC-East, ISRO, Kolkata, 700 156, West Bengal, India

    Dibyendu Dutta & Arindam Guha

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  1. Libeesh Lukose
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  2. Dibyendu Dutta
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Contributions

LL: Field data collection, laboratory reflectance data generation, processing and interpretation of results and drafting of the original and revised manuscript. DD: Supervision of generation of laboratory reflectance spectra, interpretation of results, and editing of the draft manuscript. MR: Field data collection, the petrographic study of rock samples, generation of bulk geochemical and mineral chemical data, interpretation; AG: Interpretations and drafting manuscript. SKB: Conceptualisation of work, supervision of field data and laboratory chemical data collection, interpretations of results, drafting of the original and revised manuscript.

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Lukose, L., Dutta, D., Rajkakati, M. et al. The reflectance spectroscopy of ultramafic rocks from the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex, NE India: Convergence of spectroscopic and petrological analyses. J Earth Syst Sci 132, 96 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02095-0

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