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Geochemistry of the Precambrian mafic dykes in and around the Western Ghats greenstone belt, Western Dharwar Craton

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Abstract

The preliminary field, petrographic and whole-rock geochemical data of the mafic dykes in and around the Western Ghats belt (WGB), Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) is presented in this study. The NNW–SSE trending tholeiitic mafic dykes are basalt to basaltic-andesite in composition. The studied dykes are generally LREE enriched and exhibit negative Nb–Ta and Ti anomalies indicating crustal contamination. Petrological modelling shows that the chemical variability of the dykes is primarily due to crystal fractionation and crustal contamination. Rare earth element (REE) modelling suggests that the WGB dykes were likely derived by low-degree partial melting (~3.5%) of a garnet-spinel bearing mantle source. The close similarity in the field, petrography and geochemical characteristics between the studied dykes and the 2.21 Ga mafic dykes of WDC suggests that the WGB dykes may represent the 2.21-Ga mafic event in the WDC.

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Acknowledgements

Dr Ram Mohan and Dr Srinivasa Sarma of CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, are thanked for extending analytical facilities. Dr J G Shellnut, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan is thanked for his valuable suggestions during the manuscript preparation. Miss Anupriya G S and Mr Jayant K Padhi were of great help during the fieldwork and sample preparation. Mr Jayant K Padhi and Mr Sarbarth S Mishra are thanked for their help in preparing and analysing the samples. CKB acknowledges the financial support received from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, in the form of the Early Career Research (ECR) Grant (ECR/2016/001449). The associate editor Prof Rajaneesh Bhutani and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive comments on the earlier version that improved the manuscript considerably. The author is grateful to the Head, Department of Geology, Central University of Kerala, for providing infrastructural facilities to carry out this study.

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  1. Ore Research and Exploration Group (ORE-G), Department of Geology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671 320, India

    Chandan Kumar Boraiaha

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Chandan Kumar Boraiaha: Field investigation, conceptualization and visualization, compilation of data, data interpretation, drafting of manuscript, reviewing, modelling, preparation of the figures and map.

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Correspondence to Chandan Kumar Boraiaha.

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Communicated by Rajneesh Bhutani

Corresponding editor: Rajneesh Bhutani

Supplementary material pertaining to this article is available on the Journal of Earth System Science website (http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Journal_of_Earth_System_Science).

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Appendix

Appendix

1.1 A1. Analytical methods

The thin sections of the representative samples were studied in detail under the petrographic microscope (Olympus BX-53) available at the Ore Research and Exploration Lab at Central University of Kerala, India. Major oxides were analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique at CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Thirteen fresh dyke samples were chipped and powdered with agate mortar to a size of ~250 mesh. Pressed pellets were prepared by sprinkling finely powdered sample over a boric acid binder filled in aluminium cups and pressing in a 40-ton hydraulic press for the 30s. Analyses were performed on a Phillips® MAGIX PRO Model 2440, XRF, with a relative standard deviation of <3% (Krishna et al. 2007). International standard JG-2 was used as a standard for measuring the major oxides.

In order to measure the trace element concentrations, closed digestion technique was followed. The analyses were carried out in a Nu instrument ATTOM High Resolution Inductively Couples Plasma Mass Spectrometer, housed at CSIR-NGRI. 0.5 g of homogeneous well-powdered samples were taken in Savillex Vials, and 10 ml of an acid mixture containing HF and HNO3 in 7:3 proportion were added to them. The lids were closed, and vials were heated at 150°C. After 48 hrs, 1–2 drops of perchloric acid (HClO4) were added, and the sample solutions were dried to form a solid residue. 20 ml of an acid mixture containing 1:1 proportion of HNO3 and Millipore water were added to the sample residue, and the solutions were heated for 1 hr. Next, 5 ml of 1 ppm rhodium solution was used as the internal standard, and the sample solutions were diluted to 250 ml with Millipore water. This solution of 5 ml was further diluted to 50 ml before being analyzed for trace element concentrations. International standard G-2 (United States Geological Survey) was used for calibration. The data obtained for all analyzed elements are within the RSD limit of <5%.

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Boraiaha, C.K. Geochemistry of the Precambrian mafic dykes in and around the Western Ghats greenstone belt, Western Dharwar Craton. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 128 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01865-6

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