Abstract
Catalysts with varying WO3 content on SnO2 were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, in situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of NH3. In situ Raman analysis reveals the presence isolated monomers and polymeric species of WO3. These catalysts were evaluated for the conversion of glycerol into value added chemicals. Etherification of glycerol with tertiary butanol and preparation of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea are studied over these catalysts. The catalytic activity results suggest that the glycerol conversion and selectivity depends on the morphology of WO3 which in turn is related to its content in the catalyst. The catalysts with 5 wt.% of WO3 on SnO2 resulted in high dispersion with larger number of strong acidic sites. The selectivity in the glycerol etherification is related to the nature of the catalyst and reaction time. These catalysts also exhibited high activity for synthesis of glycerol carbonate. The effect of various reaction parameters was studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The catalysts also exhibited consistent activity upon reuse.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Corma A, Sara I and Alexandra V 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 2411
Chun-Hui (Clayton) Z, Beltramini J N, Yong-Xian F and Lu(Max) G Q 2008 Chem. Soc. Rev. 37 527
Behr A, Eilting J, Irawadi K, Leschinski J and Lindner F 2008 Green Chem. 10 13
Hirai T, Ikenaga N, Miyake T and Suzuki T 2005 Energy Fuels 19 1761
Balaraju M, Rekha V, Sai Prasad P S, Prabhavathi Devi B L A, Prasad R B N and Lingaiah N 2009 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 354 82
Climent M J, Corma A, Frutos P D, Sara I, Maria N, Alexandra V and Concepción P 2010 J. Catal. 269 140
Katryniok B, Paul S, Capron I, Christine L, BellièreBaca V, Patrick R and Franck D 2010 Green Chem. 12 1922
Dam J, Djanashvili K, Kapteijn F and Hanefeld U 2013 ChemCatChem 5 497
Joel B and François J 2008 Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 110 825
Rahmat N, Abdullah A Z and Mohamed A R 2010 Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 14 987
Karinen R S and Krause A O I 2006 Appl. Catal A: Gen. 306 128
Kovvali A S and Sirkar K K 2002 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 2287
Parameswaram G, Srinivas M, Hari Babu B, Sai Prasad P S and Lingaiah N 2013 Catal. Sci. Technol. 3 3242
Selva M and Fabris M 2009 Green Chem. 11 1161
Ghandi M, Mostashari A, Karegar M and Barzegar M 2007 J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 84 681
Rokicki G, Rokoczy P, Parzuchowski P and Sobiecki M 2005 Green Chem. 7 529
Teles J H, Rieber N and Harder W 1994 US Patent 5359094
Malyaadri M, Jagadeeswaraiah K, Sai Prasad P S and Lingaiah N 2011 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 401 153
Simanjuntak F S H, Kim T K, Lee S D, Ahn B S, Kim H S and Lee H 2011 Appl. Catal. A:Gen. 401 220
Takagaki A, Iwatani K, Nishimura S and Ebitani K 2010 Green Chem. 12 578
Climent M J, Corma A, Frutos P D, Iborra S, Noy M, Velty A and Concepcion P 2010 J. Catal. 269 140
Hammond C, Sanchez J A L, Rahim M H A, Dimitratos N, Jenkins R L, Carley A F, He Q, Kiely C J, Knight D W and Hutchings G J 2011 Dalton Trans. 40 3927
Marcos F R, Casilda V C, Banares M A and Fernandez J F 2010 J. Catal. 275 288
Dibenedetto A, Angelini A, Aresta M, Ethiraj J, Fragale C and Nocito F 2011 Tetrahedron 67 1308
Vieville C, Yoo J W, Pelet S and Mouloungui Z 1998 Catal. Lett. 56 245
George J, Patel Y, Pillai S M and Munshi P 2009 J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 304 1
Yanlong G, Azzouzi A, Pouilloux Y, François J and Barrault J 2008 Green Chem. 10 164
González M D, Cesteros Y and Salagre P 2013 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 450 178
Frusteri F, Arena F, Bonuraa G, Cannilla C, Spadaroa L and Di Blasi O 2009 Appl. Catal.A: Gen. 367 77
Yuan Z, Xia S, Chen P, Hou Z and Zheng X 2011 Energy Fuels 25 3186
Behr A and Obendorf L 2002 Eng. Life. Sci. 2 185
Klepacova K, Mravec D, Kaszonyi A and Bajus M 2007 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 328 1
Melero J, Vicente A G, Morales G, Paniagua M, Moreno J M, Roldan R, Ezquerro A and Perez C 2008 Appl.Catal A: Gen. 346 44
Klepacova K, Mravec D, Hajekova E and Bajus M 2003 Pet. Coal 45 54
Janaun J and Ellis N 2010 J. Appl. Sci. 10 2633
Viswanadham N and Saxena S K 2012 Fuel 105 490
Yadav G D, Chandan P A and Gopalaswami N 2012 Clean. Techn. Environ. Policy 14 85
Lupan O, Chow L, Chai G, Schulte A, Park S and Heinrich H 2009 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 157 101
Okutsu T 2007 J. P. Pat. 039347
Yoo J W and Mouloungui Z 2003 Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 146 757
Park J H, Choi J S, Woo S K, Lee S D, Cheong M, Kim H S and Lee H 2012 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 433 35
Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Nocito F and Ferragina C 2009 J. Catal. 268 106
Climent M J, Corma A, Frutos P D, Iborra S, Noy M, Velty A and Concepcion P 2010 J. Catal. 269 140
Marcos F R, Casilda V C, Banares M A and Fernandez J F 2010 J. Catal. 275 288
Ramesh Kumar C., Jagadeeswaraiah K, Sai Prasad P S and Lingaiah N 2012 ChemCatChem 4 1360
Hammond C, Sanchez J A L, Rahim M H A, Dimitratos N, Jenkins R L, Carley A F, He Q, Kiely C J, Knight D W and Hutchings G J 2011 Dalton Trans. 40 3927
Furuta S, Matsuhashi H and Arata K 2004 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 269 187
Maksimov G M, Litvak G S, Budneva A A, Paukshtis E A, Salanov A N and Likholobov V A 2006 Kinet. Catal. 47 564
Mallesham B, Sudarsanam P, Raju G and Reddy B M 2013 Green Chem. 15 478
Shoulia B, Dianqinga L, Dongmeia H, Ruixiana L, Aifana C and Liub C C 2010 Sens. Actuators B 150 749
Ayyappan S, Subbanna G N and Rao C N R 1995 Chem. Eur. J. 1 165
Sarkar A, Ghosh S K and Pramanik P 2010 J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 327 73
Loridant S 2002 J. Phys. Chem. B 106 13273
Abello L, Bochu B, Gaskov A, Koudryavtseva S, Lucazeau G and Roumyantseva M 1998 J. Solid State Chem. 135 78
Scheithauer M Grasselli R K and Knözinger H 1998 Langmuir 14 3019
Ross-Medgaarden E I and Wachs I E 2007 J. Phys. Chem. C 111 15089
Loridant S, Feche C, Essayem N and Figueras F 2005 J. Phys. Chem. B 109 5631
Boulova M and Lucazeau G 2002 J. Solid State Chem. 167 425
Kim T, Burrows A, Kiely C J and Wachs I E 2007 J. Catal. 246 370
Ramu S, Lingaiah N, Prabhavathi Devi B L A, Prasad R B N, Suryanarayana I and Sai Prasad P S 2004 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 276 163
Ball P, Fullmann H and Heitz W 1980 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 19 718
Gonçalves M, Souza V C, Galhardo T S, Mantovani M, Figueiredo F C A, Mandelli D and Carvalho W A 2013 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 2832
Klepácǒva K, Mravec D and Bajus M 2006 Chem. Pap. 60 224
Jagadeeswaraiah K, Kumar C R, Prasad P S S, Loridant S and Lingaiah N 2014 Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 469 165
Acknowledgements
MS and GR thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for the financial support in the form of a Senior Research Fellowship. We also thank Ms. Marline Daniel for Raman spectral analysis. NL thanks CSIR for the award of Raman Research Fellowship to carry part of the present work at IRCELYON, France.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
SRINIVAS, M., RAVEENDRA, G., PARAMESWARAM, G. et al. Understanding the surface and structural characteristics of tungsten oxide supported on tin oxide catalysts for the conversion of glycerol. J Chem Sci 127, 897–908 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-015-0848-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-015-0848-4