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Advancements in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Research for Neurological Diseases

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Abstract

Neurological diseases are a major cause of the global burden of disease. Although the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of neurological diseases are not fully clear, most of them are associated with cells mediating neuroinflammation. Yet medications and other therapeutic options to improve treatment are still very limited. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), as a delightfully potent breakthrough technology, not only identifies various cell types and response states but also uncovers cell-specific gene expression changes, gene regulatory networks, intercellular communication, and cellular movement trajectories, among others, in different cell types. In this review, we describe the technology of scRNA-seq in detail and discuss and summarize the application of scRNA-seq in exploring neurological diseases, elaborating the corresponding specific mechanisms of the diseases as well as providing a reliable basis for new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we affirm that scRNA-seq promotes the development of the neuroscience field and enables us to have a deeper cellular understanding of neurological diseases in the future, which provides strong support for the treatment of neurological diseases and the improvement of patients’ prognosis.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the figure generated with the help of BioRender (https://app.biorender.com).

Funding

This study is supported by grants from Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Technology Project for Young Backbone Talents (Grant 2019RC234), Hangzhou Medical and Health Technology Project (2017Z03) and Hangzhou Science and Technology Development Project (20150733Q11). Above Projects are all from corresponding author, Hao Zhang.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Bingjie Yang, Yiru Jiang & Hao Zhang

  2. Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Shuqi Hu

  3. Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China

    Lei Xu

  4. Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Shuqi Hu, Song Shu & Hao Zhang

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  6. Hao Zhang
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Conceptualization: Bingjie Yang and Shuqi Hu; writing—original draft preparation: Bingjie Yang; writing—review and editing: Hao Zhang, Bingjie Yang, Shuqi Hu, Yiru Jiang, Lei Xu, Song Shu; supervision: Hao Zhang. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Yang, B., Hu, S., Jiang, Y. et al. Advancements in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Research for Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3

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