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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Neuroinflammation

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Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gaining increasing attention, is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder that occurs following a stressful or traumatic event or series of events. Recently, several studies showed a close relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation, a defense response of the nervous system, is associated with the activation of neuroimmune cells such as microglia and astrocytes and with changes in inflammatory markers. In this review, we first analyzed the relationship between neuroinflammation and PTSD: the effect of stress-derived activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis on the main immune cells in the brain and the effect of stimulated immune cells in the brain on the HPA axis. We then summarize the alteration of inflammatory markers in brain regions related to PTSD. Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that protect neurons by regulating the ionic microenvironment around neurons. Microglia are macrophages of the brain that coordinate the immunological response. Recent studies on these two cell types provided new insight into neuroinflammation in PTSD. These contribute to promoting comprehension of neuroinflammation, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PTSD.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (X202210159093).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of 2nd Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

    Jimeng Li

  2. Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

    Lei Tong & Li-Li Ji

  3. The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences, Belfast, UK

    Bettina C Schock

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  4. Li-Li Ji
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Conceptualization and original draft: J L. Review and editing: L T and BC S. Supervision: LL J. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Li, J., Tong, L., Schock, B.C. et al. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 60, 3963–3978 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03320-z

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