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Anti-biofouling evaluation of vacuum-assisted hydrophobic ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) coating on stainless steel by facile spray combustion

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Abstract

Despite the development of numerous coating techniques and materials, today’s anti-biofouling applications require coatings that are facile and mechanically robust in nature. Studies on the hydrophobicity of rare-earth oxides have risen due to their unusual chemical properties; ytterbium oxide is one such oxide substance. In this study, spray combustion was used to create a hydrophobic coating of ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) on a stainless steel (SS) substrate, which was then vacuum-treated. GI-XRD analysis confirmed the sesquioxide cubic crystalline structure of Yb2O3. FESEM images displayed an underneath wavy morphological coating with discrete particles on the surface. The thickness and roughness were ~12 and ~0.17 µm, respectively. When 5 and 10 N loads were applied, the coating showed better scratch hardness than uncoated SS. Water contact angle (WCA) <10° indicated superhydrophilicity in the fabricated coating. After vacuum treatment, it became hydrophobic, and the WCA was 128°; because of the increment in the relative area fraction of the C–H bond. The proportion of area covered by blue–green algae (Phormidium sp.) on vacuum-treated Yb2O3 coating was only 3% compared to uncoated SS samples, 80%.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (CRG/2021/001084). We would like to thank Prof K Narayan Prabhu, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, for providing access to the water contact angle measuring facility and Prof N K Udayashankar, Department of Physics, for providing access to the vacuum furnace facility, NITK Surathkal, India. We would also like to thank the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NITK Surathkal, India.

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  1. These authors have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, 575025, India

    Sameer Sunil Karle, Karakavalasa Kailasam, Robbi Vivek Vardhan, Lakkimsetti Lakshmi Praveen, Vishal Gautam & Saumen Mandal

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  1. Sameer Sunil Karle
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  2. Karakavalasa Kailasam
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  3. Robbi Vivek Vardhan
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Correspondence to Saumen Mandal.

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Karle, S.S., Kailasam, K., Vardhan, R.V. et al. Anti-biofouling evaluation of vacuum-assisted hydrophobic ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) coating on stainless steel by facile spray combustion. Bull Mater Sci 47, 98 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-024-03159-7

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