Abstract.
Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by the oxidation of aniline hydrochloride in the presence of ammonium persulphate and hydrochloric acid. The polymerization reaction was carried out in several batches in different solvent media by changing the volume ratio of N,N -dimethyl formamide (DMF) and water as binary solvent mixture. The dielectric constant of the polymerization medium for each batch reaction was determined by measuring the capacitance with change in frequency. The UV spectra of the synthesized polyaniline solutions helped us to optimize the ratio of the binary solvent to get sufficient polymer growth and processability. Thin film of processable polyaniline was then deposited on glass slides coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) crosslinked with maleic anhydride (MA). FTIR and XRD studies of the coated film were also done. AFM studies further helped in the morphological study of the film deposited. Finally, conductivity and ammonia gas-sensing property of the polyaniline film were also studied.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander L E 1969 X-ray diffraction methods in polymer science (Wiley Interscience) p. 43
Byun S W and Im S S 1995 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 56 425
Byun S W and Im S S 1998 Polymer 39 485
Cadenas J and Hu H 1998 Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 55 105
Chabukswar V V, Pethkar S and Athawale A A 2001 Sens. Actuators B77 657
Chen S-A and Fang W-G 1991 Macromolecules 24 1242
Chen S-A and Lee H-T 1995 Macromolecules 28 2858
Chong T F, Fabbri A, Guilbaud J P and Coussy O 2004 C.R. Mecanique 332 639
Dannhauser W and Flucckinger A F 1964 J. Phys. Chem. 68 1814
Deng A, Cheng J and Huang H 2002 Anal. Chim. Acta 461 49
Dhawan S K, Kumar D, Ram M K, Chandra S and Trivedi D C 1997 Sens. Actuators B40 99
Ghanadzadeh A and Beevers M S 2002 J. Mol. Liq. 100 47
Ghanadzadeh A and Beevers M S 2003 J. Mol. Liq. 102 365
Ghanadzadeh A, Mamaghani M and Anbir L 2003 J. Sol. Chem. 32 365
Ghanadzadeh A, Ghanadzadeh H, Sariri R and Ebrahimi L 2005 J. Chem. Thermodynamics 37 357
Ghosh P, Siddhanta S K, Haque S R and Chakrabarti A 2001 Synth. Met. 123 83
Hu H, Saniger J M and Bannelos J G 1999 Thin Solid Films 347 241
Huang L M, Wen T C, Gopalan A and Ren R 2003 Mater. Sci. Eng. B104 88
Huang J, Virji S, Weiller B H and Kaner R B 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 314
Janini G M and Katrib A H 1983 J. Chem. Educ. 60 1087
Joo J, Oblakowski Z, Du G, Pouget J P, Oh E J, Wiesinger J M, Min Y and Epstein A G 1994 Phys. Rev. B49 2977
Jousseaume V, Morsli M, Bonnet A, Tesson O and Lefrant S 1998a J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 67 1205
Jousseaume V, Morsli M, Bonnet A and Lefrant S 1998b J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 67 209
Koul S, Chandra R and Dhawan S K 2001 Sens. Actuators B75 151
Kukla A L, Shirshov Y M and Piletsky S A 1996 Sens. Actuators B37 135
Kulkarni M V, Viswanath A K, Marimuthu R and Seth T 2004 J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 42 2043
Leclerc M, Aparno G D and Zotti G 1993 Synth. Met. 55–57 1527
Lee Y S, Joo B S, Choi N J, Liou J O, Huh J S and Lee D D 2003 Sens. Actuators B93 148
Lindsey S E and Street G B 1984 Synth. Met. 10 67
Liu J -M and Yang S C 1991 J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 21 1529
Malinauskas A and Holze R 1998 Synth. Met. 97 31
Molyneux P 1983 Water soluble polymers: Properties and behaviour (New York: CRC Press) Vol. 1, p. 128
Nylander C, Armgarth M and Lundstrom L 1983 in Proceedings of the international meeting on chemical sensors (eds) T Seiyama et al (Amsterdam: Elsevier) p. 203
Ogura K, Saino T, Nakayama M and Shiigi H 1997 J. Mater. Chem. 7 2363
Ojio T and Miyata S 1986 Polym. J. 18 95
Planes J, Wolter A, Cheguettine Y, Pron A, Genoud F and Nechtschein M 1998 Phys. Rev. B58 7774
Pouget J P, Josefowicz M E, Epstein A J, Tang X and MacDiarmid A G 1991 Macromolecules 24 779
Prasad G K, Radhakrishnan T P, Kumar D S and Krishna M G 2005 Sens. Actuators B106 626
Sengupta P P, Barik S and Adhikari B 2006 Mater. Manuf. Processes 21 263
Sengupta P P and Adhikari B 2007 Mater. Sci. Eng. A459 278
Singh R, Arora V, Tandon R P, Mansingh A and Chandra S 1999 Synth. Met. 104 137
Singh R, Narula A K, Tandon R P, Mansingh A and Chandra S 1997 Philos. Mag. B75 419
Smith J W 1955 Electric dipole moment (London: Butterworths) Ch. 5
Smyth C P 1980 Molecular interactions (New York: Wiley) Vol. II
Sun L, Yang S C and Liu J-M 1994 Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 328 167
Tobolkova E, Prokes J, Krivka I, Trchova M and Stejskal J 2004 Macromol. Symp. 212 447
Wan M, Li M, Li J and Liu Z 1995 Thin Solid Films 259 188
Wei Y, Hsueh K F and Jang G W 1994 Macromolecules 27 518
Wu C G, Yeh Y R, Chen J Y and Chiou Y H 2001 Polymer 42 2877
Yang Y and Jing X 2005 Polym. Test. 24 153
Zheng W, Angelopoulos M, Epstein A J and Macdiarmid A G 1997 Macromolecules 30 2953
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
SENGUPTA, P.P., KAR, P. & ADHIKARI, B. Influence of dielectric constant of polymerization medium on processability and ammonia gas sensing properties of polyaniline. Bull Mater Sci 34, 261–270 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-011-0058-8
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-011-0058-8