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Effects of cigarette smoke exposure during suckling on food intake, fat mass, hormones, and biochemical profile of young and adult female rats

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Abstract

Purpose

Children from smoking mothers have a higher risk of developing obesity and associated comorbidities later in life. Different experimental models have been used to assess the mechanisms involved with this increased risk. Using a rat model of neonatal nicotine exposure via implantation of osmotic minipumps in lactating dams, we have previously shown marked sexual dimorphisms regarding metabolic and endocrine outcomes in the adult progeny. Considering that more than four thousand substances are found in tobacco smoke besides nicotine, we then studied a rat model of neonatal tobacco smoke exposure: adult male offspring had hyperphagia, obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, secondary hyperthyroidism and lower adrenal hormones. Since litters were culled to include only males and since sexual dimorphisms had already been identified in the nicotine exposure model, here we also evaluated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on females.

Methods

Wistar rat dams and their pups were separated into two groups of 8 litters each: SMOKE (4 cigarettes per day, from postnatal day 3 to 21) and CONTROL (filtered air). Offspring of both sexes were euthanized at PN21 and PN180.

Results

Changes in male offspring corroborated previous data. At weaning, females showed lower body mass gain and serum triglycerides, but no alterations in visceral fat and hormones. At adulthood, females had higher body mass, hyperphagia, central obesity, hyperleptinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypercorticosteronemia, but no change in serum TSH and T3, and adrenal catecholamine

Conclusions

Sexual dimorphisms were observed in several parameters, thus indicating that metabolic and hormonal changes due to smoke exposure during development are sex-dependent.

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Acknowledgements

All authors are grateful to Mrs. Fabiana Gallaulckydio, Miss Monica Moura and Mr Ulisses Siqueira for technical assistance.

Funding

This study was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Patricia Cristina Lisboa, Patricia Novaes Soares, Thamara Cherem Peixoto, Janaine Cavalcanti Carvalho, Camila Calvino, Vanessa Silva Tavares Rodrigues, Dayse Nascimento Bernardino, Viviane Younes-Rapozo, Elaine de Oliveira & Egberto Gaspar de Moura

  2. Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Alex Christian Manhães

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  1. Patricia Cristina Lisboa
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  2. Patricia Novaes Soares
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  3. Thamara Cherem Peixoto
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Correspondence to Patricia Cristina Lisboa.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Lisboa, P.C., Soares, P.N., Peixoto, T.C. et al. Effects of cigarette smoke exposure during suckling on food intake, fat mass, hormones, and biochemical profile of young and adult female rats. Endocrine 57, 60–71 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1320-7

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