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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine of Dental Diseases

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Abstract

Biomedical engineering breakthroughs and increased patient expectations and requests for more comprehensive care are propelling the field of regenerative dentistry forward at a fast pace. Stem cells (SCs), bioactive compounds, and scaffolds are the mainstays of tissue engineering, the backbone of regenerative dentistry. Repairing damaged teeth and gums is a significant scientific problem at present. Novel therapeutic approaches for tooth and periodontal healing have been inspired by tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Furthermore, as a component of the MSC secretome, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to contribute to periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. The scaffold, made of an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), acts as a supporting structure for new cell development and tissue formation. To effectively promote cell development, a scaffold must be non-toxic, biodegradable, biologically compatible, low in immunogenicity, and safe. Due to its promising biological characteristics for cell regeneration, dental tissue engineering has recently received much attention for its use of natural or synthetic polymer scaffolds with excellent mechanical properties, such as small pore size and a high surface-to-volume ratio, as a matrix. Moreover, as a bioactive material for carrying MSC-EVs, the combined application of scaffolds and MSC-EVs has a better regenerative effect on dental diseases. In this paper, we discuss how MSCs and MSC-derived EV treatment may be used to regenerate damaged teeth, and we highlight the role of various scaffolds in this process.

Graphical Abstract

The potential of utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives (MSC-EVs) inserted into the scaffold to regenerate dental diseases is illustrated in this figure. Synthetic and natural scaffolds transport these cells to facilitate their safe and targeted delivery to the intended tissue.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to all the scientists and researchers who are concerned about relieving the pain of patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

    Mohammad Kiarashi

  2. Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Hannaneh Bayat

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Abbas Shahrtash

  4. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Enas Abdalla Etajuri

  5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Meysam Mohammadi Khah

  6. Department of Anesthesiology, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq

    Nadhim Allawi AL-Shaheri

  7. Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kamyar Nasiri

  8. Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

    Mahla Esfahaniani

  9. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

    Saman Yasamineh

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  1. Mohammad Kiarashi
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Contributions

S.Y., S.S., M.M., K.N., and M.E: Writing – original draft and Conceptualization, Supervision, M.K., H.B., E.E., N.A., Writing – review & editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kamyar Nasiri, Mahla Esfahaniani or Saman Yasamineh.

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Kiarashi, M., Bayat, H., Shahrtash, S.A. et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine of Dental Diseases. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 20, 688–721 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-024-10687-6

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