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Fine Tuning Mesenchymal Stromal Cells – Code For Mitigating Kidney Diseases

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Abstract

Kidney Disease (KD), has a high global prevalence and accounts for one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in the twenty-first century. Despite the advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, the only available therapy options are dialysis and kidney transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proven to be a viable choice for KD therapy due to their antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and pro-angiogenic activities. However, the low engraftment, low survival rate, diminished paracrine ability, and delayed delivery of MSCs are the major causes of the low clinical efficacy. A number of preconditioning regimens are being tested to increase the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs. In this review, we highlight the various strategies to prime MSCs and their protective effects in kidney diseases.

Graphical Abstract

Preconditioning Strategies of Mesenchymal Stem cell in Kidney Disease

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Data Availability

No new data were generated or analyzed in support of this research.

Abbreviations

KD:

Kidney disease

AKI:

Acute Kidney Disease

CKD:

Chronic Kidney Disease

CsA:

Cyclosporine A

CA:

Calycosin

DPO:

Darbepoetin-α

DKD:

Diabetic kidney disease

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

DN:

Diabetic nephropathy

ESRD:

End Stage Renal Disease

EPO:

Erythropoietin

EpoR:

EPO receptor

EPCs:

Endothelial progenitor cells

FGF:

Fibroblast Growth Factor

FOXO3:

Forkhead box O3

GFR:

Glomerular Filtration Rate

HGF:

Hepatocyte Growth Factor

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cells

HE:

Haematoxylin and eosin

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

IGF-1:

Insulin like growth factor-1

IRI:

Ischemia/reperfusion induced

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

BM-MSCs:

Bone Marrow derived MSCs

MSC:

Mesenchymal Stem Cell

MV:

Microvesicles

SOD-1:

Superoxide dismutase 1

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase 1

KHS:

Kidney homogenate supernatant

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells;

A-ADMSCs:

Apoptotic adipose-derived MSCs

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

UUO:

Unilateral ureteral obstruction

hBM-MSCs:

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

SOD-1:

Superoxide dismutase 1

CPT1A:

Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

MMP12:

Matrix metalloproteinase 12

UUO:

Unilateral ureteric obstruction

SIRT1:

Silent information regulator 1

TNF- α:

Tumour Necrosis Factor- alpha

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

IGF-1C:

C domain of insulin-like growth factor-1

AKC:

Artificial kidney capsule

ECM:

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

hP-MSCs:

Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells

TGF‐β:

Transforming growth factor‐β

RTECs':

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

PDGF:

Platelet Derived Growth Factor

Fmoc-FFSNAP:

Fmoc-diphenylalanine S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine hydrogel

ADSCs:

Adipose Derived Stem Cell

UC MSCs:

Umbilical derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

CPT1A:

Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A

α‐SMA:

α-Smooth muscle actin

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

EMCH:

Extracellular matrix hydrogel

CLP:

Caecal ligation and puncture

WJ-MSCs :

Wharton Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

hAD-MSCs:

Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell

hMSCs:

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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  1. Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Diksha Makkar, Diksha Gakhar, Vinod Mishra & Aruna Rakha

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AR contributed to design of the manuscript, critical evaluation of various drafts, DM contributed to design of figures, DM, DG, VM have made substantial contributions to accumulation of the data, the drafting of the manuscript and its critical revision for important intellectual content and the final approval of the version to be submitted and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Makkar, D., Gakhar, D., Mishra, V. et al. Fine Tuning Mesenchymal Stromal Cells – Code For Mitigating Kidney Diseases. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 20, 738–754 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-024-10684-9

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