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Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test in Circulating Erythrocytes of Ctenopharyngodon idella Exposed to Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles

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Abstract

The number of pollutants released into freshwater and marine environments has increased due to the widespread use of nanoparticles. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) were tested for genotoxicity in fish fingerlings of the species Ctenopharyngodon idella. For 7, 14, and 21 days, fingerlings were exposed to NiO-NPs with each increasing concentrations of 2.25 mg/L, 4.50 mg/L, and 6.75 mg/L, respectively. The micronuclei assay and comet assay were used to evaluate the DNA damage. The experiment revealed that with the increase in nanoparticle concentration and exposure duration, the level of DNA damage also increased. The experiment resulted to be time and dose dependent, and the damage was found as follows: 6.75 mg/L > 4.50 mg/L > 2.25 mg/L against each exposure period. In terms of comet assay, the results showed that after 7 days, the level of DNA damage in all the concentrations was highly significant (P < 0.001). Increased DNA damage was calculated at the higher administered dose of 6.75 mg/L for 21 days of exposition, followed by 14 and 7 days, respectively. The second high toxic effect was observed in the fish blood at the exposure concentration of 4.50 mg/L for 21 days, followed by 14 and 7 days, respectively. The micronuclei induction in the nanoparticle’s administered blood could be detected only for a 7-day exposition period. Whereas for the exposed duration of 14 and 21 days, the entire red blood cells of the grass carp were completely destroyed demonstrating the ability of the nanoparticles to cause anomalies in aquatic life.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Shah N, upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Jamshid Khan & Muhammad Khisroon

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Nazish Shah

  3. Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Jamshid Khan, Farmanullah Dawar, Iqra Irfan & Adil Jan

  4. Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ismail Khan

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  1. Jamshid Khan
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Contributions

Conceptualization and data curation: KM and SN; investigation: I, KI, F, and JA; methodology: KJ; writing—original draft: SN; and supervision: KM.

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Correspondence to Nazish Shah.

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Ethical approval for the study was taken from the Ethical Committee, University of Peshawar.

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Khan, J., Shah, N., Dawar, F. et al. Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test in Circulating Erythrocytes of Ctenopharyngodon idella Exposed to Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04208-2

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