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Therapeutic Potential of Aloe vera and Aloe vera–Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles on Mice Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium

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Abstract

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a hazardous heavy metal that induces hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Thus, this study was planned to explore the ameliorating capacity of Aloe vera leaf gel extract (AV) and their conjugated silver nanoparticles (AVNP) against Cr (VI) induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity. The organ indices, level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, total protein, and creatinine in blood serum were measured. The histopathological and micrometric analysis of the hepatic and renal tissue sections were studied. The hepatosomatic index was raised significantly (0.098 ± 0.13 g) in Cr treated group. The blood serum level of AST (484 ± 10.7 U/L), ALT (163 ± 5.5 U/L), ALP (336.7 ± 9.5 U/L), MDA (642.3 ± 28.3 U/L), and creatinine (4.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL) were increased significantly, whereas total protein level was declined (2.8 ± 0.3 g/dL) significantly in Cr exposed group. In the histopathological study, necrosis, disturbed hepatic cords, impaired glomeruli, and Bowman’s capsule were noted. Micrometric data from the liver and kidney revealed a significant surge in the size of hepatocytes and their nuclei (1188.2 ± 467.7 µ2 and 456.5 ± 205.6 µ2) and CSA of glomeruli and Bowman’s capsule (9051.8 ± 249.8 µ2 and 11,835.5 ± 336.7 µ2) in Cr (VI) exposed group, whereas the brush border (10.2 ± 4.0 µ) size declined significantly. The administration of AV and AVNP reduced the oxidative stress induced by Cr (VI).

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Cr (VI):

Hexavalent chromium

Cr (III):

Trivalent chromium

Cr:

Chromium

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

K2Cr2O7 :

Potassium dichromate

CSA:

Cross-sectional area

AMPK:

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

PGC:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator

rpm:

Revolution per minute

mL:

Milliliter

mM:

Millimolar

AgNO3 :

Silver nitrate

UV-Vis:

Ultraviolet visible

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

ALT:

Alanine transaminase

AST:

Aspartate amino transferase,

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

H & E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

U/L:

Unit per liter

BW:

Body weight

Kg:

Kilogram

g:

Gram

HSI:

Hepato-somatic index

RSI:

Renal-somatic index

AV:

Aloe vera

AVNP:

Aloe vera-mediated silver nanoparticles

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Acknowledgements

For the present study, the authors are highly obliged to the Department of Zoology, Govt. College University, Lahore, Pakistan, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan, and Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, for provision of research prerequisites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Tooba Nauroze, Shaukat Ali, Iqra Liaqat, Hina Mushtaq, Samaira Mumtaz, Shumaila Mumtaz & Muhammad Adeel Farooq

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan

    Tooba Nauroze, Shagufta Andleeb & Afshan Syed Abbas

  3. Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Chaman Ara

  4. Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Lahore, Pakistan

    Lubna Kanwal

  5. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Istaqlal Hussain Khan

  6. Department of Zoology, University of Poonch, Rawlakot, AzadKashmir, Pakistan

    Shumaila Mumtaz

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  1. Tooba Nauroze
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Conceptualization: T.N., S.Al. Data curation: T.N., S.Al., S.An., C.A., S.M., I.L., H.M., A.S.A., S.M., M.A.F., I.H.K., L.K. Formal analysis and investigation: T.N., S.Al., C.A. Software: T.N., S.Al. Supervision: S.Al. Writing original draft: T.N. Review and editing: T.N. and S.Al. The manuscript has been checked and approved by all authors.

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Correspondence to Shaukat Ali.

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The animal trials were carried out using international controls. For this study, ethical approval was obtained from an institutional bioethical committee of the Government College University, Lahore with reference No. GCU-IIB-364 dated 6th October 2020.

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Nauroze, T., Ali, S., Andleeb, S. et al. Therapeutic Potential of Aloe vera and Aloe vera–Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles on Mice Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04105-8

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