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Comparison of Sodium Selenite and Selenium-Enriched Spirulina Supplementation Effects After Selenium Deficiency on Growth, Tissue Selenium Concentrations, Antioxidant Activities, and Selenoprotein Expression in Rats

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Abstract

Selenium contributes to physiological functions through its incorporation into selenoproteins. It is involved in oxidative stress defense. A selenium deficiency results in the onset or aggravation of pathologies. Following a deficiency, the repletion of selenium leads to a selenoprotein expression hierarchy misunderstood. Moreover, spirulina, a microalga, exhibits antioxidant properties and can be enriched in selenium.. Our objective was to determine the effects of a sodium selenite or selenium-enriched spirulina supplementation. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were fed for 12 weeks with a selenium-deficient diet. After 8 weeks, rats were divided into 4 groups and were fed with water, sodium selenite (20 μg Se/kg body weight), spirulina (3 g/kg bw), or selenium-enriched spirulina (20 μg Se/kg bw + 3 g spirulina/kg bw). Another group of 8 rats was fed with normal diet during 12 weeks. Selenium concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in plasma, urine, liver, brain, kidney, heart, and soleus. Expression of GPx (1, 3), Sel (P, S, T, W), SEPHS2, TrxR1, ApoER2, and megalin were quantified in liver, kidney, brain, and heart. We showed that a selenium deficiency leads to a growth delay, reversed by selenium supplementation despite a minor loss of weight in week 12 for SS rats. All tissues displayed a decrease in selenium concentration following deficiency. The brain seemed protected. We demonstrated a hierarchy in selenium distribution and selenoprotein expression. A supplementation of sodium selenite improved GPx activities and selenoprotein expression while a selenium-enriched spirulina was more effective to restore selenium concentration especially in the liver, kidney, and soleus.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Nathalie GUEGUENIAT 1 and the Pôle de Spectrométrie Océan (PSO) (IUEM/Ifremer, Brest, France) for their technical assistance. The authors also thank the Britanny Council.

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  1. Université de Brest, EA 4324 ORPHY, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200, Brest, France

    T. Castel, K. Léon, C. Gandubert, A. Amérand, A. Guernec, M. Théron & K. Pichavant-Rafini

  2. CNRS, Univ Brest, UMS 3113, F-29280, Plouzané, France

    B. Gueguen

  3. CNRS, Univ Brest, UMR 6538 Laboratoire Géosciences Océan, F-29280, Plouzané, France

    B. Gueguen

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Castel T., Théron M., Pichavant-Rafini K., and Léon K. conceived and designed the experiments and contributed to the writing and revising of the article manuscript. Gandubert C., Amérand A., Guernec A., and Gueguen B. contributed to the acquisition, the analysis of the data, and the revision of the manuscript. All authors have seen and approved the final manuscript.

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Castel, T., Léon, K., Gandubert, C. et al. Comparison of Sodium Selenite and Selenium-Enriched Spirulina Supplementation Effects After Selenium Deficiency on Growth, Tissue Selenium Concentrations, Antioxidant Activities, and Selenoprotein Expression in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 685–700 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03705-0

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