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The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa

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Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of chromium(III) oxide micro particles (Cr2O3-Ps) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr2O3-Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties. In addition, its structural and elemental purity was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and elemental maps. Structural purity, thermal properties, and stability of Cr2O3-Ps were also examined in detail by performing thermal analysis techniques. The cytotoxicity of Cr2O3-Ps was measured by the observation of velocities, antioxidant activities, and DNA damages in rainbow trout spermatozoa after exposure during 3 h in vitro incubation. The straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) of spermatozoa decreased after exposure to Cr2O3-Ps. While the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) decreased, the lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total glutathione (tGSH) was not affected in this period. DNA damages were also determined in spermatozoa using Comet assay. According to DNA in tail (%) data, DNA damages have been detected with gradually increasing concentrations of Cr2O3-Ps. Furthermore, all of class types which are categorized as the intensity of DNA fragmentation has been observed between 50 and 500 µg/L concentrations of Cr2O3-Ps exposed to rainbow trout spermatozoa. At the end of this study, we determined that the effective concentrations (EC50) were 76.67 µg/L for VSL and 87.77 µg/L for VCL. Finally, these results about Cr2O3-Ps may say to be major risk concentrations over 70 µg/L for fish reproduction in aquatic environments.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current research are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Analyses for study were supported by physicochemical and biochemical laboratories in Inönü University and Malatya Turgut Özal University. Therefore, the authors are grateful to the universities for providing the resources to develop this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquaculture, Vahap Küçük Vocational High School, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey

    Mustafa Erkan Özgür

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey

    Ahmet Ulu, İmren Özcan, Samir Abbas Ali Noma, Süleyman Köytepe & Burhan Ateş

  3. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey

    Canbolat Gürses

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey

    Samir Abbas Ali Noma

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  1. Mustafa Erkan Özgür
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  2. Ahmet Ulu
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  4. İmren Özcan
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Contributions

Mustafa Erkan Özgür: supervision, review, investigation, methodology, conceptualization, formal analysis, writing, review and editing. Ahmet Ulu: investigation, methodology, formal analysis, writing and editing. Canbolat Gürses: investigation, methodology, formal analysis, review and editing. İmren Özcan: formal analysis. Samir Abbas Ali Noma: formal analysis. Süleyman Köytepe: supervision, methodology, validation, writing, review and editing. Burhan Ateş: supervision, methodology, review and editing, conceptualization.

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Correspondence to Mustafa Erkan Özgür.

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Özgür, M.E., Ulu, A., Gürses, C. et al. The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 968–983 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03211-9

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