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Effects of Hot-Melt Extruded Nano-Copper as an Alternative for the Pharmacological Dose of Copper Sulfate in Weanling Pigs

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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hot-melt extrusion (HME)–processed copper (Cu) sulfate supplementation on the growth performance, gut microbiota, metabolic function of Cu, and bioavailability of Cu in weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal basal diets. A total of 180 piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc) of mixed-sex randomly were allotted to six treatments on the basis of initial average body weight (6.36 ± 0.39 kg) to six dietary treatments. There were six replicates in each treatment with 5 pigs per replicates. The dietary treatments included levels of CuSO4 (IN6, 6 mg Cu/kg diets; IN125, 125 mg Cu/kg diets), nano-CuSO4 (HME6, 6 mg Cu/kg diets; HME65, 65 mg Cu/kg diets; and HME125, 125 mg Cu/kg diets), and Cu-methionine (ORG125, 125 mg Cu/kg diets). The weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with the HME65 and HME125 showed a greater body weight and feed intake compared with IN6 and IN125 (P < 0.05). The weaning pigs fed diets supplemented with the HME125 showed the highest digestibility of gross energy in phase 1 and phase 2 (P < 0.05). The supplementation of HME125 significantly reduced the Escherichia coli (E.coli) in cecum and colon (P < 0.05). The supplementation of HME65 showed statistically equivalent effect on reduction of E. coli in the cecum and colon compared with IN125 and ORG125 treatments. The villus height in duodenum and jejunum of piglets in HME65 and HME125 treatments were higher than ORG125, HME6, IN6, and IN125 (P < 0.05). The gene expression of Atox1 was upregulated in IN125, HME125, and ORG125 treatments (P < 0.05). The expression of Sod1 was increased in IN125 treatment compared with IN6 treatment (P < 0.05). The HME125 treatment had the highest gene expression of ghrelin (P < 0.05). The Cu concentration of serum and liver was higher in the HME125 treatment than the HME6, IN6, and IN125 treatments (P < 0.05). The HME125 and ORG125 treatments showed a lower fecal Cu compared with IN125 treatment (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that the HME65 can be an alternative to IN125 in weanling pigs due to the greater overall average daily gain, improved villus height, and higher bioavailability.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through Agri-Bio industry Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (No.116073-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    MinJu Kim

  2. College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea

    Abdolreza Hosseindoust, JunHyung Lee, KwangYeoul Kim, TeaGyun Kim & ByungJo Chae

  3. Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea

    YoHan Choi

  4. College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea

    HyunJong Cho

  5. Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea

    WeiSoo Kang

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Correspondence to ByungJo Chae.

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The protocol for the present experiment was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea.

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Kim, M., Hosseindoust, A., Choi, Y. et al. Effects of Hot-Melt Extruded Nano-Copper as an Alternative for the Pharmacological Dose of Copper Sulfate in Weanling Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 2925–2935 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02426-y

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