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Trace Elements in Soils and Vegetables from Market Gardens of Urban Areas in Marrakech City

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Abstract

The consumption of vegetables grown on soils polluted by trace elements can cause a serious threat for animal and human health and disturb the functioning of the ecosystem. The aim of this work is to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Zn in soils and different vegetables from market gardens of urban areas in Marrakech city in order to investigate human health risk through ingestion of contaminated vegetables. Plant transfer factor (TF), daily intake of metals (DIM), and health risk index (HRI) were calculated. The concentrations of all metals studied in the garden top soils were within the threshold values. The Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, and As concentration in the edible parts of vegetables were within the safe limits. However, Cd and Pb in Malva parviflora and Cd in Brassica rapa, and Cr and Ni in Coriandrum sativum exceeded their permissible limits. The TF for these nine metals varied between 0.01 and 1.35. The classification of TEs according to their TF is as follows: Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb > Mn > Co > As. The maximum value was recorded in Coriandrum sativum while the minimum value was recorded in Cynara cardunculus. The HRI values were within the safe limit (< one) except for Pb in Malva parviflora. This can lead to risks to the health of the human population, especially children, consuming contaminated plants. Thus, the monitoring and prevention of health risks related to the consumption of plants grown in (peri)urban areas are necessary and essential to propose recommendations to both gardeners and decision-makers.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Centre National de Recherche Scientifiques et Techniques (CNRST-Morocco) under grant no. PPR/2015/22.

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  1. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Laboratoire Aliments, Environnement et Santé, Université Cadi-Ayyad, BP 549 Guéliz, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco

    Y. Laaouidi, A. Bahmed, A. Naylo, H. El Khalil & A. Boularbah

  2. INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France

    Y. Laaouidi, A. Naylo, S. Ouvrard & C. Schwartz

  3. AgrobioSciences Program, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco

    A. Boularbah

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  1. Y. Laaouidi
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Laaouidi, Y., Bahmed, A., Naylo, A. et al. Trace Elements in Soils and Vegetables from Market Gardens of Urban Areas in Marrakech City. Biol Trace Elem Res 195, 301–316 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01849-6

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