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Microenvironmental Scenario of the Bone Marrow of Inorganic Arsenic-Exposed Experimental Mice

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Abstract

Exposure to arsenic on a regular basis, mainly through drinking water, agricultural pesticide, and sometimes therapeutic dose, results in various diseases of different tissues including the bone marrow hematopoietic system. Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process by which bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) generate a relatively constant pool of functionally mature blood cells by the support of microenvironmental components. The present study has been aimed to understand stem cell microenvironmental status during arsenic toxicity and the consequent reflection of dysregulation involving the hematopoietic machinery in experimental mice. Swiss albino mice were experimentally exposed to 10 μg arsenic trioxide/g body weight through oral gavage and 5 μg arsenic trioxide/g body weight intraperitoneally for a period of 30 days. Altered hemogram values in peripheral blood reflected the impaired hematopoiesis which was further validated by the reduced BM cellularity along with the deviated BM cell morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy post arsenic exposure. The stromal cells were unable to establish a healthy matrix and the sustainability of hematopoietic progenitors was drastically affected in arsenic-exposed mouse groups, as observed in in vitro explant culture. The inability of stromal cells to establish supportive matrix was also explained by the decreased adherent colony formation in treated animals. Furthermore, the flow cytometric characterization of CXCR4+ and Sca-1+ CD44+ receptor expressions confirmed the dysregulation in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Thus, considering the importance of microenvironment in the maintenance of HSPC, it can be concluded that arsenic toxicity causes microenvironmental damage, leading to niche derangement and impaired hematopoiesis.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Director of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine for successful completion of the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, 700073, India

    Jacintha Archana Pereira & Sujata Law

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  1. Jacintha Archana Pereira
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  2. Sujata Law
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Correspondence to Sujata Law.

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The study was approved by the institutional animal ethical committee.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Pereira, J.A., Law, S. Microenvironmental Scenario of the Bone Marrow of Inorganic Arsenic-Exposed Experimental Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 181, 304–313 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1022-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1022-2

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