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In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Au, Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Commelina nudiflora L. Aqueous Extract Against HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cells

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Abstract

Recently, metal nanoparticles have been getting great medical and social interests due to their potential physico-chemical properties such as higher affinity, low molecular weight, and larger surface area. The biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles are spherical, triangular in shape with an average size of 24–150 nm as reported in our earlier studies. The biological properties of synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles are demonstrated in this paper. The different in vitro assays such as MTT, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques were used to evaluate the in vitro anticancer properties of synthesized metal nanoparticles. The biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles have shown reduced cell viability and increased cytotoxicity in HCT-116 colon cancer cells with IC50 concentration of 200 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The flow cytometry experiments revealed that the IC50 concentrations of gold and silver nanoparticle-treated cells that have significant changes were observed in the sub-G1 cell cycle phase compared with the positive control. Additionally, the relative messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expressions of HCT-116 cells were studied by RT-qPCR techniques. The pro-apoptotic genes such as PUMA (++), Caspase-3 (+), Caspase-8 (++), and Caspase-9 (++) were upregulated in the treated HCT-116 cells compared with cisplatin. Overall, these findings have proved that the synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles could be potent anti-colon cancer drugs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia, for the financial assistance through the internal research grant PGRS 130336.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mammalian Cell Culture Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Palaniselvam Kuppusamy, Natanamurugaraj Govindan, Gaanty Pragas Maniam & Mashitah M. Yusoff

  2. Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Solachuddin J. A. Ichwan

  3. Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Putri Nur Hidayah Al-Zikri & Wastuti Hidayati Suriyah

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Rural Development and Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 441706, South Korea

    Ilavenil Soundharrajan

Authors
  1. Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
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  2. Solachuddin J. A. Ichwan
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  3. Putri Nur Hidayah Al-Zikri
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  4. Wastuti Hidayati Suriyah
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  5. Ilavenil Soundharrajan
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  6. Natanamurugaraj Govindan
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  7. Gaanty Pragas Maniam
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  8. Mashitah M. Yusoff
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Correspondence to Palaniselvam Kuppusamy.

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Highlights

• The cytotoxicity of biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles were studied against HCT-116 cells.

• The cell cycle phases and DNA content of treated and control samples were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis.

• Gold and silver nanoparticle treated HCT-116 cells were shown significant changes in pro-apoptotic gene expression compare with control.

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Kuppusamy, P., Ichwan, S.J.A., Al-Zikri, P.N.H. et al. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Au, Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Commelina nudiflora L. Aqueous Extract Against HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 173, 297–305 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0666-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0666-7

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