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Sustainable Castor Bean Biodiesel Through Ricinus communis L. Lipase Extract Catalysis

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Abstract

The rise in oil prices, global warming, and the depletion of nonrenewable resources have led researchers to study sustainable alternatives to increasing energy demand. The autocatalysis from castor oil and castor lipases to produce biodiesel can be an excellent alternative to reduce the production costs and avoid the drawbacks of chemical transesterification. This study aimed to evaluate the catalytic activity of castor bean lipase extract (CBLE) on three vegetable oils hydrolysis, to obtain and enhance biodiesel yield by an autocatalysis from castor oil and CBLE. Furthermore, the enzymatic biodiesel physicochemical quality was analyzed. The enzymatic activity for olive oil was 76.12 U, 90.06 U for commercial castor oil, and 75.60 U in raw castor oil. The hydrolysis percentages were high at 25 °C, pH 4.5, for 4 h with 97.18% for olive oil, 98.86%, and 96.19% for commercial and raw castor oil, respectively. The CBLE catalyzed the transesterification reaction on castor oil to obtain 82.91% biodiesel yield under the selected conditions of 20% lipase loading, 1:6 oil/methanol molar ratio, and 10% buffer pH 4.5, 37 °C for 8 h. The castor biodiesel quality satisfied the ASTM-D6751 (USA) and EN-14214 (European Union) values, except for the density, viscosity, and moisture, as expected for this kind of biodiesel.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

aw:

Water activity

BD:

Biodiesel

CBLE:

Castor bean lipase-powdered extract

CN:

Cetane number

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

EN:

European Standards

f:

Fraction of oil

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

FFA:

Free fatty acids

HHV:

Higher heating value

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IU:

International Unit

IV:

Iodine value

M:

Molarity

MM:

Molecular mass

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

RI:

Refractive index

USA:

United States of America

UV/VIS:

Ultraviolet–visible

v:

Volume

w:

Weight

wc:

Water content

Wt:

Weight of the sample taken

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Zacatecas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Zacatecas, 98160, México

    Alejandro González Rivas & Hans Christian Correa-Aguado

  2. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Zacatecas, Departamento de Bioingeniería, 98160, Zacatecas, México

    Verónica Ávila Vázquez & Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores

  3. Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Durango Campus Zacatecas, Zacatecas, 98057, México

    Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas

Authors
  1. Alejandro González Rivas
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  2. Verónica Ávila Vázquez
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  3. Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores
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  4. Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas
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  5. Hans Christian Correa-Aguado
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Alejandro González Rivas, Verónica Ávila-Vázquez, Miguel Mauricio Aguilera Flores, Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas, and Hans Christian Correa-Aguado. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hans Christian Correa-Aguado and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hans Christian Correa-Aguado.

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Statement of Novelty

The novelty of this research resides in increasing the limited scientific knowledge on producing enzymatic biodiesel by an autocatalytic transesterification from castor bean oil and castor bean lipases extract. A castor bean lipase extract was used as a whole-cell catalyst for the hydrolysis of different oil substrates and the castor oil transesterification in biodiesel synthesis. In addition, the best enzymatic transesterification conditions and the physicochemical parameters of castor oil biodiesel were determined.

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Rivas, A.G., Vázquez, V.Á., Flores, M.M.A. et al. Sustainable Castor Bean Biodiesel Through Ricinus communis L. Lipase Extract Catalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 1297–1318 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04238-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04238-3

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