Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sophorolipid Production from Biomass Hydrolysates

  • Published:
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although extensive research has been conducted on producing sophorolipids using Candida (Starmerella) bombicola from pure sugars and various oil sources, production of this biosurfactant has not been evaluated when cells are cultivated in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Here, we report for the first time that C. bombicola is capable of producing sophorolipids on hydrolysates derived from sweet sorghum bagasse and corn fiber. Without oil supplementation, a sophorolipid concentration of 3.6 and 1.0 g/L was detected from cultures with bagasse and corn fiber hydrolysates, respectively. With the addition of soybean oil at 100 g/L, the yield of sophorolipids from these two hydrolysates in the same order was 84.6 and 15.6 g/L. Surprisingly, C. bombicola consumed all monomeric sugars and nonsugar compounds in the hydrolysates, and cultures with bagasse hydrolysates had higher yield of sophorolipids than those from a standard medium which contained pure glucose at the same concentration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ashby, R. D., & Solaiman, D. K. (2010). The influence of increasing media methanol concentration on sophorolipid biosynthesis from glycerol-based feedstocks. Biotechnology Letters, 32, 1429–1437.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Borzeix, C. F. (1999). Use of sophorolipids comprising diacetyl lactones as agent for stimulating skin fibroblast metabolism. World patent 99/62479.

  3. Casas, J., & García-Ochoa, F. (1999). Sophorolipid production by Candida bombicola: medium composition and culture methods. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 88, 488–494.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Choudhary, R., Umagiliyage, A. L., Liang, Y., Siddaramu, T., Haddock, J., & Markevicius, G. (2012). Microwave pretreatment for enzymatic saccharification of sweet sorghum bagasse. Biomass and Bioenergy, 39, 218–226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ciesielska, K., Li, B., Groeneboer, S., Van Bogaert, I., Lin, Y. C., Soetaert, W., Van de Peer, Y., & Devreese, B. (2013). SILAC-based proteome analysis of Starmerella bombicola sophorolipid production. Journal of Proteome Research, 12, 4376–4392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ciesielska, K., Van Bogaert, I. N., Chevineau, S., Li, B., Groeneboer, S., Soetaert, W., Van de Peer, Y., & Devreese, B. (2014). Exoproteome analysis of Starmerella bombicola results in the discovery of an esterase required for lactonization of sophorolipids. Journal of Proteomics, 98, 159–174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Daniel, H.-J., Reuss, M., & Syldatk, C. (1998). Production of sophorolipids in high concentration from deproteinized whey and rapeseed oil in a two stage fed batch process using Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 and Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509. Biotechnology Letters, 20, 1153–1156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Daverey, A., & Pakshirajan, K. (2010). Kinetics of growth and enhanced sophorolipids production by Candida bombicola using a low-cost fermentative medium. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 160, 2090–2101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Davila, A.-M., Marchal, R., & Vandecasteele, J.-P. (1992). Kinetics and balance of a fermentation free from product inhibition: sophorose lipid production by Candida bombicola. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 38, 6–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Davila, A.-M., Marchal, R., & Vandecasteele, J.-P. (1997). Sophorose lipid fermentation with differentiated substrate supply for growth and production phases. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 47, 496–501.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Davila, A. M., Marchal, R., Monin, N., & Vandecasteele, J. P. (1993). Identification and determination of individual sophorolipids in fermentation products by gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. Journal of Chromatography, 648, 139–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Gao, R., Falkeborg, M., Xu, X., & Guo, Z. (2013). Production of sophorolipids with enhanced volumetric productivity by means of high cell density fermentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97, 1103–1111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gupta, R., & Prabhune, A. A. (2012). Structural determination and chemical esterification of the sophorolipids produced by Candida bombicola grown on glucose and α-linolenic acid. Biotechnology Letters, 34, 701–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hillion, G., Marchal, R., Stoltz, C. and Borzeix, F. (1998). Use of a sophorolipid to provide free radical formation inhibiting activity or elastase inhibiting activity. US patent 5756471.

  15. Imura, T., Kawamura, D., Morita, T., Sato, S., Fukuoka, T., Yamagata, Y., Takahashi, M., Wada, K., & Kitamoto, D. (2013). Production of sophorolipids from non-edible jatropha oil by Stamerella bombicola NBRC 10243 and evaluation of their interfacial properties. Journal of Oleo Science, 62, 857–864.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Isoda, H., Kitamoto, D., Shinmoto, H., Matsumura, M., & Nakahara, T. (1997). Microbial extracellular glycolipid induction of differentiation and inhibition of the protein kinase C activity of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 61, 609–614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kim, Y. B., Yun, H. S., & Kim, E. K. (2009). Enhanced sophorolipid production by feeding-rate-controlled fed-batch culture. Bioresource Technology, 100, 6028–6032.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kitamoto, D., Isoda, H., & Nakahara, T. (2002). Functions and potential applications of glycolipid biosurfactants—from energy-saving materials to gene delivery carriers. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 94, 187–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Klinke, H. B., Thomsen, A., & Ahring, B. K. (2004). Inhibition of ethanol-producing yeast and bacteria by degradation products produced during pre-treatment of biomass. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 66, 10–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Li, H., Ma, X. J., Wang, S., & Song, X. (2013). Production of sophorolipids with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from Wickerhamiella domercqiae var. sophorolipid using fish oil as a hydrophobic carbon source. Biotechnology Letters, 35, 901–908.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liang, Y., Jarosz, K., Wardlow, A. T., Zhang, J., & Cui, Y. (2014). Lipid Production by Cryptococcus curvatus on hydrolysates derived from corn fiber and sweet sorghum bagasse following dilute acid pretreatment. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 173, 2086–2098.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Liang, Y., Perez, I., Goetzelmann, K., & Trupia, S. (2014). Microbial lipid production from pretreated and hydrolyzed corn fiber. Biotechnology Progress, 30, 367–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Liang, Y., Tang, T., Siddaramu, T., Choudhary, R., & Umagiliyage, A. L. (2012). Lipid production from sweet sorghum bagasse through yeast fermentation. Renewable Energy, 40, 130–136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liang, Y., Tang, T., Umagiliyage, A. L., Siddaramu, T., McCarroll, M., & Choudhary, R. (2012). Utilization of sorghum bagasse hydrolysates for producing microbial lipids. Applied Energy, 91, 451–458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mager, H., Röthlisberger, R., Wzgner, F. (1987). Use of sophorolse-lipid lactone for the treatment of dandruffs and body odour. European patent 0209783.

  26. Maingault, M. (1999). Utilization of sophorolipids as therapeutically active substances or cosmetic products, in particular for the treatment of the skin. US patent 5981497.

  27. Otto, R. T., Daniel, H. J., Pekin, G., Müller-Decker, K., Fürstenberger, G., Reuss, M., & Syldatk, C. (1999). Production of sophorolipids from whey: II. Product composition, surface active properties, cytotoxicity and stability against hydrolases by enzymatic treatment. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 52, 495–501.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Palmqvist, E., & Hahn-Hägerdal, B. R. (2000). Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. I: inhibition and detoxification. Bioresource Technology, 74, 17–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Palmqvist, E., & Hahn-Hägerdal, B. (2000). Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. II: inhibitors and mechanisms of inhibition. Bioresource Technology, 74, 25–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Parawira, W., & Tekere, M. (2011). Biotechnological strategies to overcome inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysates for ethanol production: review. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 31, 20–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pekin, G., Vardar-Sukan, F., & Kosaric, N. (2005). Production of sophorolipids from Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 using Turkish corn oil and honey. Engineering in Life Sciences, 5, 357–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Rau, U., Hammen, S., Heckmann, R., Wray, V., & Lang, S. (2001). Sophorolipids: a source for novel compounds. Industrial Crops and Products, 13, 85–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J., Templeton, D. and Crocker, D. (2004). Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass. NREL, Golden, CO.

  34. Van Bogaert, I. N. A., Saerens, K., De Muynck, C., Develter, D., Soetaert, W., & Vandamme, E. J. (2007). Microbial production and application of sophorolipids. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 76, 23–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Yesuf, J. N., & Liang, Y. (2014). Optimization of sugar release from sweet sorghum bagasse following solvation of cellulose and enzymatic hydrolysis using response surface methodology. Biotechnology Progress, 30, 367–375.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1230 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA

    Abdul Samad, Ji Zhang & Yanna Liang

  2. Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Life Science II, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA

    Da Chen

Authors
  1. Abdul Samad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ji Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Da Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yanna Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanna Liang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Samad, A., Zhang, J., Chen, D. et al. Sophorolipid Production from Biomass Hydrolysates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 175, 2246–2257 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1425-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1425-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation