Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of NH4F treatment on the chromaticity of the Ba2+-doped γ-Ce2S3 red pigment

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Ba2+-doped cerium precursor powder, (Ce, Ba)CO3, was successfully prepared via a co-precipitation reaction method using Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, Ba(NO3)3, and (NH4)2CO3 as raw materials. The above powder was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 1000°C for 120 min to obtain the corresponding oxide, (Ce, Ba)O2, subsequently, and the oxide was vulcanized at 850°C for 150 min with CS2 as a sulfur source to obtain the Ba2+-doped γ-Ce2S3 red pigment. The effects of different NH4F concentrations (1.0, 2.5, and 4.0 M) and treatment times (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) on the phase composition and chromaticity of the pigment were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and CIELAB colorimetry. The SEM and EDS analyses revealed the presence of irregular flaky particles on the pigment surface after the NH4F treatment; the amounts of particles gradually increased with the NH4F concentration. The XRD and Raman spectra confirmed that these particles were CeF3 and CeFS heterophases. Furthermore, the Raman spectra denoted the presence of amorphous carbon. The XPS analysis demonstrated that the NH4F treatment did not change the valence of Ce (Ce3+ for γ-Ce2S3). The chromaticity of a sample reached its maximum (L* = 34.24, a* = 38.19, and b* = 39.95) after it was treated using 2.5 M NH4F for 60 min, indicating that the elimination of amorphous carbon can effectively improve the pigment chromaticity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yu, SY, Wang, DR, Gao, XL, Su, HQ, “Effect of the Precursor Size on the Morphologies and Properties of γ-Ce2S3 as a Pigment.” J. Rare Earths, 32 540–544 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mauricot, R, Gressier, P, Evain, M, Brec, R, “Comparative Study of Some Rare Earth Sulfides: Doped γ-[A]M2S3, (M = La, Ce and Nd, A = Na, K and Ca) and Undoped γ-M2S3, (M = La, Ce and Nd).” J. Alloys Compd., 223 130–138 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Stephane, R, Christian, TJ, “Method for Preparing a Rare Earth Sulphide Comprising an Alkaline Element, Resulting Composition and Application as Colouring Pigment.” Australian Patent AU754720B2, 2000

  4. Maestro, P, “Use of Coloured Pigments Based on Rare Earths Sulphurs in Plastics, Paints, or Varnishes.” European Patent EP0203838A20, 1986

  5. Aubert, M and Macaudiere, P, “Rare-Earth and Alkali Sulphide, Method for Preparing Same and Use Thereof as a Pigment.” US Patent 6221473, 2001

  6. Maestro, P, Huguenin, D, “Industry Applications of Rare Earths: Which Way for the End of the Century.” J. Alloys Compd., 225 520–528 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Anders, E, Grevesse, N, “Abundances of the Elements: Meteoritic and Solar.” Geochim. Cosmochim Ac., 53 197–214 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fan, XD, Ding, GF, Chen, K, Guo, S, You, CY, Chen, RJ, Lee, D, Yan, A, “Whole Process Metallurgical Behavior of the High-Abundance Rare-Earth Elements LRE (La, Ce, and Y) and the Magnetic Performance of Nd0.75LRE0.25-Fe-B Sintered Magnets.” Acta Mater., 154 343–354 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Trombe, JC, Verelst, M, “Stabilization of the γ-Ce2S3 Phase.” J. Alloys Compd., 323 66–69 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Schleid, T, Lissner, F, “M10S14O-Type Oxysulphides (M = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) as an “Oxygen Trap” in Oxidation Reactions of Reduced Lanthanide Chlorides with Sulphur.” J. Less-Common Met., 175 309–319 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Prewitt, CT, Sleight, AW, “Structure of Gadolinium Sesquisulfide.” Inorg. Chem., 7 1090–1093 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Besançon, P, “Teneur en oxygéne et formule exacte d’une famille de composés habituellement appelés “variété β” ou “phase complexe” des sulfures de terres rares.” J. Solid State Chem., 7 232–240 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Perrin, M, Wimmer, E, “Color of Pure and Alkali-Doped Cerium Sulfide: A Local-Density-Functional Study.” Phys. Rev. B. Condens. Mat., 54 2428–2435 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yuan, H, Zhang, J, Yu, R, Su, Q, “Preparation of Ternary Rare Earth Sulfide LaxCe2-xS3 as Red Pigment.” J. Rare Earths, 31 327–330 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zachariasen, WH, “Crystal Chemical Studies of the 5-Series of Elements. X. Sulfides and Oxysulfides.” Acta. Crystallogr., 2 291–296 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Romero, S, Mosset, A, Macaudiére, P, Trombe, JC, “Effect of Some Dopant Elements on the Low Temperature Formation of γ-Ce2S3.” J. Alloys Compd., 302 118–127 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Roméro, S, Mosset, A, Trombe, JC, Macaudiére, P, “Low-Temperature Process of the Cubic Lanthanide Sesquisulfides: Remarkable Stabilization of the γ-Ce2S3 Phase.” J. Mater Chem., 7 1541–1547 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Liu, SG, Li, YM, Wang, ZM, Shen, ZY, Xie, ZX, “Enhanced High Temperature Oxidization Resistance of Silica Coated γ-Ce2S3 Red Pigments.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 387 1147–1153 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang, ST, Ye, MQ, Chen, SL, Han, AJ, Zang, Y, “Synthesis and Characterization of Mica/γ-Ce2−xYxS3, Composite Red Pigments with UV Absorption and High NIR Reflectance.” Ceram. Int., 42 16023–16030 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gao, YQ, Li, YM, Wang, ZM, Shen, ZY, Xie, ZX, “Preparations and Characterizations of γ-Ce2S3, Red Pigments from Pr-Doped CeO2, with Improved Thermal Stabilities.” Appl. Phys. A, 124 151–157 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Urones-Garrote, E, Ávila-Brande, D, Varadé-López, R, Fernández-Martínez, F, Otero-Díaz, LC, “Stabilization of the γ Form of the Rare Earth Sesquisulfides at Lower Temperature by Doping with Calcium.” Solid State Sci., 14 897–902 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Li, YM, Liu, Q, Song, FS, Wang, ZM, Shen, ZY, Le, SW, “Effect or Sr2+ Doping on the Preparation and Properties of γ-Ce2S3 Red Pigment.” Appl. Phys. A, 125 277–283 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Li, X, Li, YM, Wang, ZM, Hong, Y, Li, ZK, “Influence of Ba2+ Doping on the Properties and Thermal Stability of γ-Ce2S3.” Appl. Phys. A, 125 518–525 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yuan, HB, Zhang, JH, Yu, RJ, Su, Q, “Synthesis of Rare Earth Sulfides and their UV–Vis Absorption Spectra.” J. Rare Earths, 27 308–311 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Macaudiere, P, Morros, J, Tourre, JM, and Tressaud, A, “Rare Earth Metal Sulfide Pigments Comprising Fluorine Values.” US Patent US005501733A, 1996

  26. Vasilyeva, IG, Ayupov, BM, Vlasov, AA, Malakhov, VV, Macaudiere, P, Maestro, P, “Color and Chemical Heterogeneities of γ-[Na]-Ce2S3 Solid Solutions.” J. Alloy. Compd., 268 72–77 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhao, XA, Ong, CW, Tsang, YC, Wong, YW, Chan, PW, Choy, CL, “Reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition of CNx Films.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 66 2652–2654 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jia, WH, Chen, MS, Wan, HL, “The Performance of Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane on CeO2/CeF3 Catalysts Prepared from CeF3 Decomposition.” J. Xiamen University (Nature Science), 53 520–524 (2014), (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang, Y, Shi, Z, Gu, Z, Iijima, S, “Structure Modification of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes.” Carbon, 38 2055–2059 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Colomer, JF, Piedigrosso, P, Fonseca, A, Nagy, JB, “Different Purification Methods of Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Catalytic Synthesis.” Synthetic Met., 103 2482–2483 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yaya, A, Ewels, CP, Wagner, PH, Suarez-Martinez, I, Gebramariam Tekley, A, Rosgaard Jensen, L, “Purification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.” Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 54 10400–10406 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Oka, R, Shobu, Y, Aoyama, F, Tsukimori, T, Masui, T, “Synthesis and Characterization of SrY2−xCexO4 as Environmentally Friendly Reddish-Brown Pigments.” RSC Adv., 87 55081–55087 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51462010), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Nos. 20161BAB206132 and 20171ACB20022), Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Education Department (No. GJJ180715), Jingdezhen City Science and Technology project (2017GYZD019-012), and the Innovation fund of Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute (No. JYC-201803).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Energy Storage and Conversion Ceramic Materials Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, People’s Republic of China

    Xin Li, Yueming Li, Zhike Li, Zhumei Wang, Yan Hong & Fusheng Song

Authors
  1. Xin Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yueming Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhike Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhumei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yan Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Fusheng Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yueming Li.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, X., Li, Y., Li, Z. et al. Effect of NH4F treatment on the chromaticity of the Ba2+-doped γ-Ce2S3 red pigment. J Coat Technol Res 17, 541–552 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00304-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00304-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation