Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Corrosion resistance of HF-treated Mg alloy stent following balloon expansion and its improvement through biodegradable polymer coating

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) alloy has been actively investigated as a bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) for use as a next-generation stent because of its appropriate mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, Mg alloy quickly degrades in the physiological environment. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and surface coating with biodegradable polymer are approaches for enhancing the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy. However, there are no studies that focus on the corrosion behavior of the Mg alloy stent after balloon catheter expansion, which results in mechanical stress and is required for stent placement. In this study, the corrosion behavior of a Mg alloy stent after expansion by a balloon catheter was investigated. Compared with the bare Mg alloy stent, the HF-treated Mg alloy stent showed excellent corrosion resistance without expansion. However, balloon catheter expansion caused small fragments and cracks to appear on the surface of the HF-treated Mg alloy stent and accelerated its corrosion rate. The HF-treated Mg alloy stent was therefore further coated with poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA). As a result, the high corrosion resistance of the coated stent was maintained after its expansion along with higher biocompatibility for endothelial cell adhesion than the stent without the polymer coating. The HF-treated and PDLLA-coated platform is expected to be a BRS candidate for clinical applications.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Keeley, EC, Boura, JA, Grines, CL, “Primary Angioplasty Versus Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Quantitative Review of 23 Randomised Trials.” Lancet, 361 13–20 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sabate, M, Cequier, A, Iñiguez, A, Serra, A, Hernandez-Antolin, R, Mainar, V, Valgimigli, M, Tespili, M, den Heijer, P, Bethencourt, A, Vazquez, N, Gómez-Hospital, JA, Baz, JA, Martin-Yuste, V, van Geuns, RJ, Alfonso, F, Bordes, P, Tebaldi, M, Masotti, M, Silvestro, A, Backx, B, Brugaletta, S, van Es, GA, Serruys, PW, “Everolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Bare-Metal Stent in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (EXAMINATION): 1 Year Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial.” Lancet, 380 1482–1490 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nakazawa, G, Otsuka, F, Nakano, M, Vorpahl, M, Yazdani, SK, Ladich, E, Kolodgie, FD, Finn, AV, Virmani, R, “The Pathology of Neoatherosclerosis in Human Coronary Implants Bare-Metal and Drug-Eluting Stents.” J. Am. Coll. Cardiol, 57 1314–1322 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Amabile, N, Souteyrand, G, Ghostine, S, Combaret, N, Slama, MS, Chamoux, NB, Motreff, P, Caussin, C, “Very Late Stent Thrombosis Related to Incomplete Neointimal Coverage or Neoatherosclerotic Plaque Rupture Identified by Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging.” Eur. Heart J. Cardiovas. Imaging, 15 24–31 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhao, MC, Liu, M, Song, GL, Atrens, A, “Influence of pH and Chloride Ion Concentration on the Corrosion of Mg Alloy ZE41.” Corros. Sci., 50 3168–3178 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Staiger, MP, Pietak, AM, Huadmai, J, Dias, G, “Magnesium and Its Alloys as Orthopedic Biomaterials.” Biomaterials, 27 1728–1734 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Garcia, HMG, Haude, M, Kuku, K, et al., “In Vivo Serial Invasive Imaging of the Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Absorbable Metal Scaffold (Magmaris — DREAMS 2G) in de novo Coronary Lesions: Insights from the BIOSOLVE-II First-In-Man Trial.” Int. J. Cardiol., 255 22–28 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Guimaraes, MG, Antuna, P, Cuesta, J, Alfonso, F, “Early Restenosis of Resorbable Magnesium Scaffolds: Optical Coherence Tomography Findings.” Catheter. Cardiovas. Interv., 93 79–81 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Takenaka, T, Ono, T, Narazaki, Y, Naka, Y, Kawakami, M, “Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Metal by Rare Earth Elements.” Electrochim. Acta, 53 117–121 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Xu, W, Yagoshi, K, Koga, Y, Sasaki, M, Niidome, T, “Optimeized Polymer Coating for Magnesium Alloy-Based Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Long-Lasting Drug Release and Corrosion Resistance.” Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 163 100–106 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen, F, Zhou, H, Yao, B, Qin, Z, Zhang, QF, “Corrosion Resistance Property of the Ceramic Coating Obtained Through Microarc Oxidation on the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Surfaces.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 201 4905–4908 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brunelli, K, Dabala, M, Calliari, I, Magrini, M, “Effect of HCl Pre-Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of Cerium-Based Conversion Coatings on Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys.” Corros. Sci., 47 989–1000 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chiu, KY, Wong, MH, Cheng, FT, Man, HC, “Characterization and Corrosion Studies of Fluoride Conversion Coating on Degradable Mg Implants.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 202 590–598 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. da Conceicao, TF, Scharnagl, N, Blawert, C, Dietzel, W, Kainer, KU, “Surface Modification of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 by Hydrofluoric Acid Treatment and Its Effect on the Corrosion Behavior.” Thin Solid Films, 518 5209–5218 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mao, L, Shen, L, Chen, J, Wu, Y, Kwak, M, Lu, Y, Xue, Q, Pei, J, Zhang, L, Yuan, G, Fan, R, Ge, J, Ding, W, “Enhanced Bioactivity of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy Achieved with Nanoscale MgF2 Surface for Vascular Stent Application.” Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7 5320–5330 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang, P, Xiong, P, Liu, J, Gao, S, Xi, TF, Cheng, Y, “A Silk-Based Coating Containing GREDVY Peptide and Heparin on Mg–Zn–Y–Nd Alloy: Improved Corrosion Resistance, Hemocompatibility and Endothelialization.” J. Mater. Chem. B, 6 966–978 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu, XL, Zhen, Z, Liu, J, Xi, TF, Zheng, YD, Guan, SK, Zheng, YF, Cheng, Y, “Multifunctional MgF2/Polydopamine Coating on Mg Alloy for Vascular Stents Application.” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 31 733–743 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gastaldi, D, Sassi, V, Petrini, L, Vedani, M, Trasatti, S, Migliavacca, F, “Continuum Damage Model for Bioresorbable Magnesium Alloy Devices-Application to Coronary Stents.” J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 4 352–365 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Brandt-Wunderlich, C, Ruppelt, P, Zumstein, P, Schmidt, W, Arbeiter, D, Schmitz, KP, Grabow, N, “Mechanical Behavior of in Vivo Degraded Second Generation Resorbable Magnesium Scaffolds (RMS).” J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 91 174–181 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cassese, S, Lahmann, AL, Joner, M, “Ultrathin Strut Biodegradable-Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: Being Wary or Going with the Flow?” J. Thorac. Dis., 10 688–692 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Xu, LP, Yamamoto, A, “Characteristics and Cytocompatibility of Biodegradable Polymer Film on Magnesium by Spin Coating.” Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 93 67–74 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Crane, RL, Ehlers, EG, “The System MgF2-MgO-H2O.” Am. J. Sci., 267 1105–1111 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Drynda, A, Hassel, T, Hoehn, R, Perz, A, Bach, FW, Peuster, M, “Development and Biocompatibility of a Novel Corrodible Fluoride-Coated Magnesium-Calcium Alloy with Improved Degradation Kinetics and Adequate Mechanical Properties for Cardiovascular Applications.” J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 93A 763–775 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Prescott, HA, Li, ZJ, Kemnitz, E, Deutsch, J, Lieske, H, “New Magnesium Oxide Fluorides with Hydroxy Groups as Catalysts for Michael Additions.” J. Mater. Chem., 15 4616–4628 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Verdier, S, van der Laak, N, Delalande, S, Metson, J, Dalard, F, “The Surface Reactivity of a Magnesium–Aluminium Alloy in Acidic Fluoride Solutions Studied by Electrochemical Techniques and XPS.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 235 513–524 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jones, MI, McColl, IR, Grant, DM, Parker, KG, Parker, TL, “Protein Adsorption and Platelet Attachment and Activation, on TiN, TiC, and DLC Coatings on Titanium for Cardiovascular Applications.” J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 52 413–421 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang, LD, Casey, B, Galanakis, DK, Marmorat, C, Skoog, S, Vorvolakos, K, Simon, M, Rafailovich, MH, “The Influence of Surface Chemistry on Adsorbed Fibrinogen Conformation, Orientation, Fiber Formation and Platelet Adhesion.” Acta Biomater., 54 164–174 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Chen, JY, Leng, YX, Tian, XB, Wang, LP, Huang, N, Chu, PK, Yang, P, “Antithrombogenic Investigation of Surface Energy and Optical Bandgap and Hemocompatibility Mechanism of Yi(Ta+5)O2 Thin Films.” Biomaterials, 23 2545–2552 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lih, E, Jung, JW, Joung, YK, Ahn, DJ, Han, DK, “Synergistic Effect of Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammation of Drug-Coated Co–Cr Substrates for Prevention of Initial In-Stent Restenosis.” Colliods Surf. B Biointerfaces, 140 353–360 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yan, T, Tan, L, Xiong, D, Liu, X, Zhang, B, Yang, K, “Fluoride Treatment and in Vitro Corrosion Behavior of an AZ31B Magnesium Alloy.” Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 30 740–748 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pan, CJ, Pang, LQ, Hou, Y, Lin, YB, Gong, T, Liu, T, Ye, W, Ding, HY, “Improving Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility of Magnesium Alloy by Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrofluoric Acid Treatments.” Appl. Sci., 7 33–49 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Thomann, M, Krause, C, Angrisani, N, Bormann, D, Hassel, T, Windhagen, H, Lindenberg, AM, “Influence of a Magnesium-Fluoride Coating of Magnesium-Based Implants (MgCa0.8) on Degradation in a Rabbit Model.” J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 93 1609–1619 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Mao, L, Yuan, G, Niu, J, Zong, Y, Ding, W, “In Vitro Degradation Behavior and Biocompatibility of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr Alloy by Hydrofluoric Acid Treatment.” Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 33 242–250 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang, L, Mohammed, EAA, Adriaens, A, “Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of a Magnesium Fluoride-Polydopamine-Stearic Acid Composite Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 307 56–64 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zieliński, M, Czajka, B, Pietrowski, M, Foralewska, IT, Alwin, E, Kot, M, Wojciechowska, M, “MgO-MgF2 System Obtained by Sol–Gel Method as an Immobilizing Agent of the Electrolyte Applied in the High Temperature Cells.” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 84 368–374 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tsai, WB, Chen, CH, Chen, JF, Chang, KY, “The Effects of Types of Degradable Polymers on Porcine Chondrocyte Adhesion, Proliferation and Gene Expression.” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 17 337–343 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Molitor, P, Barron, V, Young, T, “Surface Treatment of Titanium for Adhesive Bonding to Polymer Composites: A Review.” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 21 129–136 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a research grant from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) (P14033-28J1011). We thank Sarah Dodds, PhD, from Edanz Group (www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan

    Wei Xu, Kensuke Sato & Takuro Niidome

  2. Japan Medical Device Technology Co., Ltd., 2020-3 Tahara, Mashiki-machi, Kumamoto, 861-2202, Japan

    Yuki Koga & Makoto Sasaki

Authors
  1. Wei Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kensuke Sato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuki Koga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Makoto Sasaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Takuro Niidome
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Makoto Sasaki or Takuro Niidome.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 169 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xu, W., Sato, K., Koga, Y. et al. Corrosion resistance of HF-treated Mg alloy stent following balloon expansion and its improvement through biodegradable polymer coating. J Coat Technol Res 17, 1023–1032 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00284-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00284-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation