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Compartmentalization, Viral Evolution, and Viral Latency of HIV in the CNS

  • Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection occurs throughout the body and can have dramatic physical effects, such as neurocognitive impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, examining the virus that resides in the CNS is challenging due to its location and can only be done using samples collected either at autopsy, indirectly form the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), or through the use of animal models. The unique milieu of the CNS fosters viral compartmentalization as well as evolution of viral sequences, allowing for new cell types, such as macrophages and microglia, to be infected. Treatment must also cross the blood–brain barrier adding additional obstacles in eliminating viral populations in the CNS. These long-lived infected cell types and treatment barriers may affect functional cure strategies in people on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

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Acknowledgments

Sources of funding: NIMH, DHHS: P01 MH094177 and NIMH, DHHS: R01 MH101024

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Conflict of Interest

Maria M. Bednar, Christa Buckheit Sturdevant, Lauren A. Tompkins, Kathryn Twigg Arrildt, Elena Dukhovlinova, Laura P. Kincer, and Ronald Swanstrom declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Maria M. Bednar, Elena Dukhovlinova, Laura P. Kincer & Ronald Swanstrom

  2. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Christa Buckheit Sturdevant

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Lauren A. Tompkins, Kathryn Twigg Arrildt & Ronald Swanstrom

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, CB #7295, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Ronald Swanstrom

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  1. Maria M. Bednar
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Correspondence to Ronald Swanstrom.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Central Nervous System and Cognition

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Bednar, M.M., Sturdevant, C.B., Tompkins, L.A. et al. Compartmentalization, Viral Evolution, and Viral Latency of HIV in the CNS. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 12, 262–271 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-015-0265-9

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