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Advances in Pediatric Liver Tumors

  • Hepatic Cancer (A Singal and A Mufti, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are rare pediatric tumors. We review the significant advances in hepatoblastoma and pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and treatment.

Recent Findings

International pathologic classification and risk stratification have been extensively reviewed and redefined for hepatoblastoma via international collaborative analyses of an international hepatoblastoma database. International trials have identified patients for whom (1) no adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated, (2) neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves resectability and survival, and (3) intensified therapy improves survival (for patients with metastatic disease). Hepatocellular carcinoma studies highlight the poor prognosis for patients with nonlocalized disease emphasizing the need for future collaborative efforts exploring molecular characteristics and novel therapeutics.

Summary

Recent advances have significantly improved treatment of hepatoblastoma by implementing a consensus international pathologic classification and risk stratification and identification of higher risk biological features. Advances in pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma treatment lag behind hepatoblastoma. The Pediatric Hepatic International Tumor Trial (PHITT) will focus on decreasing long-term toxicity, improving outcomes, providing surgical guidelines, and advancing the knowledge of the biology of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Providence Sacred Heart Children’s Hospital, Spokane, WA, USA

    Angela D. Trobaugh-Lotrario

  2. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Allison F. O’Neill & Christopher Weldon

  3. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Peng Li & Dolores López-Terrada

  4. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Alexander Towbin

  5. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2516 Stockton Blvd., 2nd Fl., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA

    Marcio H. Malogolowkin

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  1. Angela D. Trobaugh-Lotrario
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Correspondence to Marcio H. Malogolowkin.

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Angela D. Trobaugh-Lotrario, Allison F. O’Neill, Peng Li, Christopher Weldon, Dolores López-Terrada, and Marcio H. Malogolowkin each declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Alexander Towbin reports grants from Guerbet, grants from Siemens, grants from Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, personal fees from Elsevier, and personal fees from Applied Radiology, outside the submitted work.

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All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).

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Trobaugh-Lotrario, A.D., O’Neill, A.F., Li, P. et al. Advances in Pediatric Liver Tumors. Curr Hepatology Rep 16, 51–63 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11901-017-0335-0

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