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Colonoscopy and Flexible Sigmoidoscopy in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance

  • Genetic Syndromes, Screening, and Surveillance in Colorectal Cancer (N Kubiliun, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Colorectal Cancer Reports

Abstract

Since the invention of endoscopy in the 1800s, colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy have evolved into important tools in the diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal luminal diseases. These two modalities along with biochemical markers and widespread implementation of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening are responsible for the overall downtrend of CRC. However, this downward trend is not as robustly reflected in the right-sided CRC. It is thought that flat lesions in the right colon (sessile serrated polyp (SSA/P)), suboptimal colon preparation, differences in gender, and endoscopic techniques are some of the contributing factors accounting for this difference. In this review, we will summarize the most current literature and guidelines on CRC screening and surveillance. In addition, we will describe the recent advances in endoscopic CRC screening with emphasis on colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy and the changes they have brought to the CRC landscape in the US.

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  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive and Liver Diseases Division, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Room J5.144, Dallas, TX, 75390-9151, USA

    Juliana Yang & John H. Kwon

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  1. Juliana Yang
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Juliana Yang declares that she has no conflict of interest.

John H. Kwon has received compensation from Takeda for participating on a speaker’s bureau for IBD therapies and has received compensation from Pfizer for serving on a one-time advisory board for IBD therapies.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Genetic Syndromes, Screening, and Surveillance in Colorectal Cancer

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Yang, J., Kwon, J.H. Colonoscopy and Flexible Sigmoidoscopy in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep 13, 284–292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11888-017-0377-2

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