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Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2023 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Focused review highlighting ten select studies presented at the 2023 American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions.

Recent Findings

Included studies assessed semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in overweight or obese patients without diabetes (SELECT); dapagliflozin in patients with acute myocardial infarction without diabetes (DAPA-MI); effects of dietary sodium on systolic blood pressure in middle-aged individuals (CARDIA-SSBP); long-term blood pressure control after hypertensive pregnancy with physician guided self-management (POP-HT); effect and safety of zilebesiran, an RNA interference therapy, for sustained blood pressure reduction (KARDIA-1); recaticimab add-on therapy in patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia (REMAIN-2); efficacy and safety of lepodisiran an extended duration short-interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a); safety and pharmacodynamic effects of an investigational DNA base editing medicine that inactivates the PCSK9 gene and lowers LDL cholesterol (VERVE-101); automated referral to centralized pharmacy services for evidence-based statin initiation in high-risk patients; and effects of intensive blood pressure lowering in reducing risk of cardiovascular events (ESPRIT).

Summary

Research presented at the 2023 AHA Scientific Sessions emphasized innovative strategies in cardiovascular disease prevention and management.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

AHA:

American Heart Association

ASCVD:

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

ApoB:

Apolipoprotein B

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

CARDIA:

Coronary artery risk development in young adults

CI:

Confidence interval

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

CV:

Cardiovascular

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

EHR:

Electronic health record

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide

HbA1c:

Glycated hemoglobin

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HeFH:

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

HF:

Heart failure

HR:

Hazard ratio

HTN:

Hypertension

IQR:

Interquartile range

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LP(a):

Lipoprotein a

LV:

Left ventricle

MACE:

Major adverse cardiovascular event

MAP:

Mean arterial pressure

MI:

Myocardial infarction

OR:

Odds ratio

P:

Probability value

PCP:

Primary care provider

PCSK9:

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9

QOL:

Quality of life

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

SD:

Standard deviation

siRNA:

Small interfering ribonucleic acid

SGLT-2:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2

SQ:

Subcutaneous

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. •Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al (2023) Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. N Engl J Med https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2307563. Epub ahead of print. The SELECT study evaluated whether the addition of semaglutide to standard care would be superior to placebo in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients who were overweight or obese with preexisting CVD who did not have diabetes.

  2. James S, Erlinge D, Storey RF, et al. Dapagliflozin in myocardial infarction without diabetes or heart failure. NEJM Evid 3(2), EVIDoa2300286 (2024).

  3. Kitt J, Fox R, Frost A, et al. (2023) Long-term blood pressure control after hypertensive pregnancy following physician-optimized self-management: the POP-HT randomized clinical trial. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.21523. Epub ahead of print.

  4. Nissen SE, Linnebjerg H, Shen X, Wolski K, Ma X, Lim S, Michael LF, Ruotolo G, Gribble G, Navar AM, Nicholls SJ. Lepodisiran, an extended-duration short interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a): a randomized dose-ascending clinical trial. JAMA. 2023. 330(21):2075–2083. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.21835.

  5. Liu J, Wang B, Li Y, Yan X, Ge J, Li J. Rationale and design of the Effects of intensive Systolic blood Pressure lowering treatment in reducing RIsk of vascular evenTs (ESPRIT): A multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J. 2023;257:93–102.

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  11. Desai AS, Webb DJ, Taubel J, et al. Zilebesiran, an RNA Interference Therapeutic agent for hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(3):228–38. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2208391.

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  15. ••SS Virani ML Koschinsky L Maher et al 2022 Global think tank on the clinical considerations and management of lipoprotein(a): the top questions and answers regarding what clinicians need to know Prog Cardiovasc Dis  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2022.01.002. Summarized the findings from a global think tank convened to provide practical answers to key questions pertaining to Lp(a).

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Funding

Dr. Virani is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development Service Investigator Initiated Grants (IIR 19–069), NIH, Tahir, and Jooma Family Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, United Medical Doctors, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Melody Hermel

  2. Scripps Clinic Medical Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Andrew Chiou

  3. Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas

  4. Office of the Vice Provost, Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Maha Inam

  5. Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA

    Carly E. Waldman

  6. University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Eventine Youngblood

  7. Department of Cardiology, Loyola Heart and Vascular Institute, Maywood, USA

    Sandeep Mehta

  8. Department of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Leandro Slipczuk

  9. Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh, (021) 34930051, Pakistan

    Sana Sheikh, Adeel Khoja & Salim S. Virani

  10. Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA

    Chelsea Meloche

  11. Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

    Adeel Khoja

  12. Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA

    Salim S. Virani

Authors
  1. Melody Hermel
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  2. Andrew Chiou
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  3. Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas
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Contributions

MH, AC, AM, KM, MI, CEW, EY, SM, SSV wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figures. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Salim S. Virani.

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Conflict of Interest

Melody Hermel, Andrew Chiou, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Maha Inam, Carly E. Waldman, Eventine Youngblood, Sandeep Mehta, Sana Sheikh, Chelsea Meloche, and Adeel Khoja declare no conflicts of interest. Leandro Slipczuk: Consulting honorarium for lectures from Amgen and Philips and for advisory board participation from Bristol Myers Squibb. Institutional grants from Amgen and Philips. Site PI for V-INITIATE and Ocean(a) trials. Salim S. Virani: Honorarium, American College of Cardiology (Associate Editor for Innovations, acc.org), and Section Editor for Current Atherosclerosis Reports and Current Cardiology Reports.

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Hermel, M., Chiou, A., Minhas, A.M.K. et al. Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2023 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 26, 119–131 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-024-01193-8

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