Abstract
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can exert a significant impact on human health, especially on causing pulmonary diseases. Inorganic elements and organic compounds are primary toxic components in PM2.5 that cause cell death and tissue injury. To study the concentration characteristics as well as cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 and chemical components, PM2.5 samples were collected in Jinan during 2016. Major inorganic elements and organic components were analyzed and the cell viability of human lung epithelial cells (A549) exposed to PM2.5 was examined. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations were higher in Jinan than 90% of cities in China during 2016, and the concentrations of inorganic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in PM2.5 were also higher than in other studies. Furthermore, the cytotoxic analysis indicated that cell viability decreased significantly in correspondence with the increase of PM2.5 concentrations, which indicated that PM2.5 pollution could induce adverse cell injury. The concentrations of most inorganic elements and organic components such as mercury, fluoranthene, anthracene, and dibenzo (a,h) anthracene were significantly negatively correlated with cell viability, indicating that these species were effective chemical toxic components and played a key role in adverse health effects induced by PM2.5.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Special thanks are given to Shandong Provincial Eco-environment Monitoring Center for supplying analytical instruments. We would like to appreciate Dr. Hongli Li and Jie Zhou for supporting counseling help in instrumental analysis.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22176112), and in part by the National Institutes of Health of USA (R01HL136706) and the National Science Foundation research award of USA (1722630).
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Conceptualization: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Guirong Wang, Yan Wang; methodology: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Lili Du, Haiyan Li; investigation: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Lili Du, Haiyan Li. Validation: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Guirong Wang, Yan Wang; formal analysis: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Guirong Wang, Yan Wang; data curation: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Lili Du, Haiyan Li, Guirong Wang, Yan Wang; writing—original draft: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang; writing—review and editing: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Guirong Wang, Yan Wang; visualization: Xinli Wang, Minmin Yang, Guirong Wang, Yan Wang; supervision: Yan Wang; project administration: Yan Wang; funding acquisition: Guirong Wang, Yan Wang.
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Wang, X., Yang, M., Wang, G. et al. Chemical characteristics and cytotoxic correlation analysis of PM2.5 in Jinan. Air Qual Atmos Health 15, 1465–1475 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01185-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01185-0