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State of the Art in Endoscopic Therapy for the Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

  • Neuroendocrine Cancers (M Cives, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Opinion statement

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of slow growing tumors arising from the neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although they are considered relatively rare, their incidence is rising and it is believed that the more frequent use of endoscopy and imaging studies have at least in part contributed to the increased diagnosis especially of localized neoplasms. The management of these neoplasms should be guided by a multidisciplinary NEN team following appropriate staging investigations. Localized neoplasms of the GI tract may be suitable for endoscopic therapy, while patients with pancreatic NENs, unsuitable for surgery, should be considered for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ablation. In this review, we discuss the evidence regarding endoscopic resection of luminal NENs and EUS-guided therapy of pancreatic NENs. The efficacy, safety, and other longer-term outcomes of these techniques are summarized. In conclusion, this review of endoscopic therapies for localized NENs may be a useful guide for NEN clinicians and endoscopists who are considering these therapeutic options for the management of focal GEP NENs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, General University Hospital of Larisa, Mezourlo, 41110, Larisa, Greece

    Apostolis Papaefthymiou MD, Apostolos Koffas MD & Anastasios Manolakis MD, PhD

  2. First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece

    Apostolis Papaefthymiou MD

  3. Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, St Mark’s Hospital and Academic Institute, London, UK

    Faidon-Marios Laskaratos MD, MSc, PhD, MRCP & Noriko Suzuki MD, PhD

  4. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Erasme University Hospital, 1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Paraskevas Gkolfakis MD, FEBGH

  5. Digestive Diseases Centre, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK

    Sergio Coda MD, PhD

  6. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Mikael Sodergren MBChB(Hons), DIC, PhD, FRCS

  7. Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit (ENETS Centre of Excellence) Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK

    Christos Toumpanakis MD, PhD, FRCP, FEBGH, AGAF

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  1. Apostolis Papaefthymiou MD
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Correspondence to Faidon-Marios Laskaratos MD, MSc, PhD, MRCP.

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Papaefthymiou, A., Laskaratos, FM., Koffas, A. et al. State of the Art in Endoscopic Therapy for the Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol. 23, 1014–1034 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-022-00986-w

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