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Quantitative trophic networks of insect gallers and their parasitoids in the hybrid oak complex Quercus magnoliifolia x Quercus resinosa

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Abstract

Oak hybridization have important effects on the structure of herbivorous insect communities and associated natural enemies. We tested the effects of hybridization between Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa on insect gallers trophic networks and their parasitoids. We characterized the genotypes of 35 individuals of Q. magnoliifolia, 30 of Q. resinosa, and 57 hybrids using eight nuclear microsatellite markers. We collected 6,798 galls from the oak hybrid complex distributed in 33 gall morphospecies on Q. magnoliifolia, 28 on Q. resinosa, and 42 on hybrid oaks. Galler-parasitoid networks were realized by 21 gall morphospecies and 21 parasitoid species for Q. magnoliifolia; 16 gall morphospecies and 30 parasitoid species for Q. resinosa; and 25 gall morphospecies and 23 parasitoid species for hybrids. Plant-galler networks were different among three oak groups, having the hybrid network higher values of diversity of interactions, nestedness and modularity and lower values of specialization than Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa networks. Hybrid network of gallers and parasitoids had higher diversity of interactions, connectance and generality and lower modularity than Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa networks. Hybrids are more vulnerable to insect galler incidence having low pressure by parasitoids, which allow more gall incidence in hybrid plants. Our study corroborated that hybridization generates changes in oak genetic composition influencing insect gallers trophic networks and their parasitoids. Our findings are also consistent with the rule of genetic similarity which suggest a relationship between plant genetics and the associated arthropod community, where genetically similar plants support similar arthropod communities.

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Acknowledgements

The study was funded by Coordination of Scientific Research (UMSNH) project 005. This project was supported by CONACYT Project CB105755 and CONACYT PDC2016-Project-3053.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cátedras CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro S/N, Nueva Esperanza, Morelia, C.P.58330, MICH, México

    Yurixhi Maldonado-López

  2. Post-Graduate Program of Biodiversity and Use of Natural Resources, Department of General Biology, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil

    Walter Santos de Araújo, Marcilio Fagundes & Magno Borges

  3. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701 Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, Morelia, C.P. 58190, MICH, México

    Antonio González-Rodríguez

  4. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, UNAM. , Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia, 58190, MICH, México

    Ken Oyama

  5. Departamento de Ecología Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Apdo. 63, Xalapa, 91070, VER, México

    Cecilia Diaz-Castelazo

  6. Laboratorio de Ecología de Interacciones Bióticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica S/N Col. Felicitas del Río, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, C.P. 58030, MICH, México

    Karina Sánchez-Echeverría, Griselda Pérez-López & Pablo Cuevas-Reyes

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  1. Yurixhi Maldonado-López
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  2. Walter Santos de Araújo
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  5. Marcilio Fagundes
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  8. Magno Borges
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  9. Griselda Pérez-López
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  10. Pablo Cuevas-Reyes
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Contributions

YML, KO, and PCR: planned and designed the research. GPL MAZ, and PCR: conducted fieldwork. AGR, GPL, and KO: performed laboratory work. YML, WSA, MF, CDC, KSE, MAZ: conducted analyzed data. YML, WSA, AGR, KO, MF, KSE, MAZ, and PCR: The first draft of the manuscript was written. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pablo Cuevas-Reyes.

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Maldonado-López, Y., de Araújo, W.S., González-Rodríguez, A. et al. Quantitative trophic networks of insect gallers and their parasitoids in the hybrid oak complex Quercus magnoliifolia x Quercus resinosa. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 16, 631–643 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-022-09927-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-022-09927-8

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