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Experimental study rheological behavior of MWCNT (10%)-TiO2 (90%)/SAE40 hybrid nano-lubricants (HNLs) post-processing of the results with response surface methodology (RSM)

  • Materials (Organic, Inorganic, Electronic, Thin Films)
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Abstract

In this study, which was approached with an industrial approach, for the first time, the rheological behavior of hybrid nano-lubricants (HNLs) with the formulation MWCNT (10%)-TiO2 (90%)/SAE40 was investigated experimentally, statistically and numerically. Nano-solution study conditions were performed in six solid volume fractions (=0.0625% to 1%) and a temperature range of T=25 to 50 °C. Quantitative statistics of laboratory studies show that the maximum and minimum viscosity of HNLs relative to the base oil increase and decrease by 29.6%, −13.40%, respectively. To predict the experimental data, to provide a correlation relationship and to establish a relationship between the target response and the effective variables, response surface methodology (RSM) with a three-point model and coefficient of determination 0.9986 was used.

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Abbreviations

ρ :

density

n:

power-law coefficient

T:

temperature

\(\dot \gamma \) :

shear rate

τ :

shear stress

m:

consistency index

μ pre :

predicted dynamic viscosity

w:

weight percent

μ exp :

laboratory dynamic viscosity

μ of :

dynamic viscosity of the base fluid

φ :

volume fraction

μ rel :

relative dynamic viscosity

ANN:

artificial neural network

APS:

average particle size

EG:

ethylene glycol

MOD:

margin of deviation

MWCNT:

multi-walled carbon nanotube

RSM:

response surface methodology

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

TEM:

transmission electron microscope

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hemmat Esfe, Saeed Esfandeh & Erfan Mohammadnejad Ardeshiri

  2. School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran

    Soheyl Alidoust

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Davood Toghraie

Authors
  1. Mohammad Hemmat Esfe
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  2. Soheyl Alidoust
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  3. Saeed Esfandeh
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  4. Davood Toghraie
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  5. Erfan Mohammadnejad Ardeshiri
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Davood Toghraie.

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Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Esfe, M.H., Alidoust, S., Esfandeh, S. et al. Experimental study rheological behavior of MWCNT (10%)-TiO2 (90%)/SAE40 hybrid nano-lubricants (HNLs) post-processing of the results with response surface methodology (RSM). Korean J. Chem. Eng. 40, 935–942 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1268-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1268-z

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