Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced extraction of scandium and inhibiting of iron from acid leaching solution of red mud by D2EHPA and sodium chloride

D2EHPA/氯化钠强化萃取赤泥酸浸液中钪及抑制铁的实验研究

  • Published:
Journal of Central South University Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

D2EHPA (P204), tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were attractive for selective extraction of scandium from acid leaching solution of red mud. The extraction parameters of P204 concentration (XP204), NaCl concentration (CNaCl), pH value, reaction time, stirring speed and O/A were investigated to extract scandium and separate iron from the acid leaching solution. The extraction mechanism was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermodynamic theory. The single-stage extraction efficiency of scandium, iron and β(Sc/Fe) were 99.1%, 9.4% and 1061.2, respectively, with CNaCl of 75 g/L and XP204 of 0.75 at solution pH value of 1.2 and stirring speed of 200 r/min for 6 min, in which a good separation effect of scandium and iron was obtained. The vibration absorption peak Sc—O was contributed to the extraction of scandium with P204. The complex [FeCln]3−n existed in the solution with adding NaCl into the acid leaching solution. The value of n was higher and the valence state of the complex [FeCln]3−n was lower with an increase of chloride concentration, which restricts the extraction efficiency of iron with P204. The extraction of three stages in the counter-current simulation experiments was carried out according to the McCabe-Thiele diagram. Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of −5.93 kJ/mol, enthalpy change (ΔH) of 23.45 kJ/mol and entropy change (ΔH) of 98.54 J/(mol·K) were obtained in the solvent extraction proces, which indicate that the extraction reaction is easily spontaneous and endothermic and a proper increase of temperature is conducive to the extraction of scandium.

摘要

本文提出利用D2EHPA(P204),磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和氯化钠(NaCl)从赤泥酸浸液中选择性萃取钪 的方法. 研究了P204 浓度(XP204),氯化钠浓度(CNaCl),pH值,反应时间,搅拌速度和O/A等参数对酸浸 液中钪萃取与铁分离效果的影响. 利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和萃取热力学理论阐述了浸出液 中钪的萃取机理, 通过溶液热力学理论解释抑制铁萃取的作用机制. 结果表明: 在溶液pH值为1.2, 搅拌速度为200 r/min,反应时间为6 min,CNaCl为75 g/L,XP204为0.75 的条件下, 钪,铁的单级萃取率 和β(Sc/Fe)分别为99.1%,9.4%和1061.2, 钪与铁的分离效果较好. Sc─O振动吸收峰的形成有利于P204 萃取赤泥酸浸液中的钪. 通过向赤泥浸出液中添加NaCl, 溶液中铁离子会形成[FeCln]3−n络合物, 增加 氯离子浓度, 络合物中n 值升高, [FeCln]3−n的价态降低, 从而抑制了P204 萃取浸出液中的铁. 依据 McCabe-Thiele 图谱进行了三级逆流萃取实验, 该反应的吉布斯自由能变为−5.93 kJ/mol, 焓变为 23.45 kJ/mol, 熵变为98.54 J/(mol·K), 表明该过程可自发进行且为吸热反应, 适当增加反应温度有利 于钪的萃取回收.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. PENG Zhen, LI Qing-gang, LI Zhao-yang, ZHANG Guiqing, CAO Zuo-ying, GUAN Wen-juan. Removal of impurities from scandium solutions by ion exchange [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2018, 25(12): 2953–2961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3965-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. LIU Xiao, HAN Yue-xin, HE Fa-yu, LI Yan-jun, GAO Peng, LI Wen-bo. Research status on hazards and comprehensive utilization of red mud [J]. Metal Mine, 2018(11): 7–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19614/j.cnki.jsks.201811002. (in Chinese)

  3. DENG Bo-na, LI Guang-hui, LUO Jun, YE Qing, LIU Mingxia, PENG Zhi-wei, JIANG Tao. Enrichment of Sc2O3 and TiO2 from bauxite ore residues [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 331: 71–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. LIU Yan-ju, NAIDU R. Hidden values in bauxite residue (red mud): Recovery of metals [J]. Waste Management, 2014, 34(12): 2662–2673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. YOON K, JUNG J M, CHO D W, TSANG D C W, KWON E E, SONG H. Engineered biochar composite fabricated from red mud and lipid waste and synthesis of biodiesel using the composite [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 366: 293–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. JIANG Ping-guo, LIAO Chun-fa. Study on technology of extracting scandium from leaching solution of red-mud [J]. China Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2012, 41(1): 66–68. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  7. XUE An, CHEN Xiao-hu, TANG Xiao-ning. The technological study and leaching kinetics of scandium from red mud [J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2010(2): 51–54. (in Chinese)

  8. ZHOU Kang-gen, TENG Chun-ying, ZHANG Xue-kai, PENG Chang-hong, CHEN Wei. Enhanced selective leaching of scandium from red mud [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, 182: 57–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.10.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. HU Jia-shi, ZOU Dan, CHEN Ji, LI De-qian. A novel synergistic extraction system for the recovery of scandium (III) by Cyanex272 and Cyanex923 in sulfuric acid medium [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 233: 115977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. LI Yu-hua, LI Qing-gang, ZHANG Gui-qing, ZENG Li, CAO Zuo-ying, GUAN Wen-juan, WANG Liu-pei. Separation and recovery of scandium and titanium from spent sulfuric acid solution from the titanium dioxide production process [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, 178: 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.01.019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. NIE Hua-ping, WANG Ya-bing, WANG Yan-liang, ZHAO Ze-yuan, DONG Ya-min, SUN Xiao-qi. Recovery of scandium from leaching solutions of tungsten residue using solvent extraction with Cyanex 572 [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, 175: 117–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.10.026.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. LIU Chuan-ying, CHEN Li, CHEN Ji, ZOU Dan, DENG Yue-feng, LI De-qian. Application of P507 and isooctanol extraction system in recovery of scandium from simulated red mud leach solution [J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2019, 37(9): 1002–1008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2018.12.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. ZHOU Jie, YU Qing, HUANG Yu, MENG Jie-jie, CHEN Yedan, NING Shun-yan, WANG Xin-peng, WEI Yue-zhou, YIN Xiang-biao, et al. Recovery of scandium from white waste acid generated from the titanium sulphate process using solvent extraction with TRPO [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2020, 195: 105398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. WANG Wei-wei, PRANOLO Y, CHENG Chu-yong. Recovery of scandium from synthetic red mud leach solutions by solvent extraction with D2EHPA [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2013, 108: 96–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.02.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. LE Wei-hua, KUANG Sheng-ting, ZHANG Zhi-feng, WU Guo-long, LI Yan-ling, LIAO Chun-fa, LIAO Wu-ping. Selective extraction and recovery of scandium from sulfate medium by Cextrant 230 [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, 178: 54–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.04.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. TIAN Yan-wen, ZHAI Yu-chun, ZHAI Xiu-jing, ZHANG Xiao-yu, XIAO Fei. Extraction of Sc3+ by P204 in HCl system [J]. Journal of Northeastern University, 1998, 19(2): 162–165. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  17. ZHU Xiao-bo, LI Wang, GUAN Xue-mao. An active dealkalization of red mud with roasting and water leaching [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 286: 85–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.048.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. LI Wang, ZHU Xiao-bo. Study on scandium recovery from red mud with acid leaching [J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2016(5): 36–38. (in Chinese)

  19. ZOU Dan, LI Hai-lian, CHEN Ji, LI De-qian. Recovery of scandium from spent sulfuric acid solution in titanium dioxide production using synergistic solvent extraction with D2EHPA and primary amine N1923 [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2020, 197: 105463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. PEI Yuan-chao, CAO Yuan, HUANG Yan-jie, SONG Xinxin, WANG Hui-yong, ZHAO Yu-ling, WANG Jian-ji. Tunable LCST-type phase behavior of [FeCl4]−: Based ionic liquids in water [J]. Science China Chemistry, 2016, 59(5): 587–593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-016-5577-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. WEI Rui, SONG Wan-ju, WANG Lei, FAN Lin, LIU Qiang, DONG Qi-yun. Hydrolysis equilibrium and coordination equilibrium of Fe3+ in aqueous solution. Chinese Journal of Chemical Education. 2008(1): 69–372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-3807.2008.01.025. (in Chinese)

  22. LIU Chuang-ying, CHEN Ji, DENG Yue-feng. Extraction of scandium from sulfuric solution by Cyanex 923 and the comparison with P507 and naphthenic acid [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2018, 35: 1492–1496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2018.12.180057. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  23. ZHOU Jie, NING Shun-yan, MENG Jie-jie, ZHANG Shichang, ZHANG Wei, WANG Si-yi, CHEN Ye-dan, WANG Xin-peng, WEI Yue-zhou. Purification of scandium from concentrate generated from titanium pigments production waste [J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2021, 39(2): 194–200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2020.02.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. YU Yong-bo. Investigation on extraction and separation of scandium and iron [J]. Shanxi Metallurgy, 2014, 37(1): 19–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16525/j.cnki.cn14-1167/tf.2014.02.002. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  25. MA Rong-kai, LUO Xing, FENG Ji-fu, LI Yong. Extraction of scandium from acid leaching solution of tailings of separating iron from red mud [J]. Light Metals, 2020(5): 11–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13662/j.cnki.qjs.2020.05.003. (in Chinese)

  26. ZHU Xiao-bo, NIU Ze-peng, LI Wang, ZHAO Heng, TANG Qing-jie. A novel process for recovery of aluminum, iron, vanadium, scandium, titanium and silicon from red mud [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2020, 8(2): 103528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. YE Qing, LI Guang-hui, DENG Bo-na, LUO Jun, RAO Ming-jun, PENG Zhi-wei, ZHANG Yuan-bo, JIANG Tao. Solvent extraction behavior of metal ions and selective separation Sc3+ in phosphoric acid medium using P204 [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 209: 175–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.07.033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. LI Wang, ZHU Xiao-bo, TANG Sen, LI Wen-zhong. Experiment and mechanism of selective extraction and separation of scandium from acid solution [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2017, 35: 755–760. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11785/S1000-4343.20170611. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  29. ZHU Xiao-bo, LI Wang, TANG Sen, ZENG Ma-jian, BAI Peng-yuan, CHEN Lun-jian. Selective recovery of vanadium and scandium by ion exchange with D201 and solvent extraction using P507 from hydrochloric acid leaching solution of red mud [J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 175: 365–372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China

    Wang Li  (李望), Yue Liu  (刘月) & Xiao-bo Zhu  (朱晓波)

  2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China

    Xiao-bo Zhu  (朱晓波)

  3. Collaborative innovation center of coal mine safety of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China

    Xiao-bo Zhu  (朱晓波)

Authors
  1. Wang Li  (李望)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yue Liu  (刘月)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiao-bo Zhu  (朱晓波)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiao-bo Zhu  (朱晓波).

Additional information

Foundation item

Projects(51904097, 51804103) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2019GGJS056) supported by the Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province, China; Project(HB201905) supported by Open Foundation of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, China; Project(202102310548) supported by Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province, China; Project(21IRTSTHN006) supported by Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province, China

Contributors

LI Wang provided the concept and edited the draft of manuscript. LIU Yue conducted the literature review and data curation. ZHU Xiao-bo edited the draft ofmanuscript.

Conflict of interest

LI Wang, LIU Yue, and ZHU Xiao-bo declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, W., Liu, Y. & Zhu, Xb. Enhanced extraction of scandium and inhibiting of iron from acid leaching solution of red mud by D2EHPA and sodium chloride. J. Cent. South Univ. 28, 3029–3039 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4827-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4827-2

Key words

关键词

Search

Navigation