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Air pollution in Slovakia (Central Europe): a story told by lichens (1960–2020)

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Abstract

Researches and applied lichenological studies carried out in Slovakia were reviewed, with reference to the period 1960–2020. Field studies and reviews devoted to the causal relation between environmental pollution and lichens are presented, encompassing the use of biodiversity and bioaccumulation techniques as well as ecophysiological parameters in native and transplanted lichens. The review includes pioneering up to recent monitoring studies of air pollution effects in urban and industrial areas, monitoring changes in species distribution between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries due to atmospheric pollution and habitat alteration, the retreat of sensitive species (with a focus on Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.), as well as recent regional and large-scale biomonitoring in forests. Beside urban pollution, the topics cover copper and mining activities, mercury pollution, magnesite and aluminium production, steel and cement industry. Finally, also indoor biomonitoring has been considered.

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Acknowledgments

This paper honors Anna Lackovičová (Svätý Jur), for her relevant contribution to the lichenological research in Slovakia. We (AG, ZF, LP) want to express her our appreciation, gratitude and affection.

Funding

The work was supported by the project VEGA 2/0054/21.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Luca Paoli

  2. Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Zuzana Fačkovcová, Anna Lackovičová & Anna Guttová

Authors
  1. Luca Paoli
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  2. Zuzana Fačkovcová
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  3. Anna Lackovičová
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  4. Anna Guttová
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Guttová.

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Paoli, L., Fačkovcová, Z., Lackovičová, A. et al. Air pollution in Slovakia (Central Europe): a story told by lichens (1960–2020). Biologia 76, 3235–3255 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00909-4

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