Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Aconitum biotechnology: recent trends and emerging perspectives

  • Review
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The genus Aconitum (consists more than 250 species) is one of the most important clades of highly valued medicinal plants. Aconitum species are very essential in the traditional device of medication and feature excessive business demand in the herbal marketplace. Some of biologically energetic compounds, e.g., aconitine, indaconitine, pseudoacontine, and so on, had been recognized, and new formulations primarily based on those compounds are being produced as rapid rate. This has led to extensive and rather unregulated exploitation of the species in the wild making the genus a threatened group. Conventional breeding and propagation methods have contributed significantly, but these could not meet up with the ever increasing demands of herbal drug industry globally. Biotechnological interventions, therefore, emerge as an alternative approach in terms of higher production and conservation as well. In recent years, several reports have been published on in vitro propagation of various important Aconitum species. However, advanced biotechnological approaches, such as synthetic seed production and hairy root cultures, are still lacking with only a few reports available. The current review presents an updated overview and critical assessment of secondary data concerning the past and recent biotechnological approaches and interventions in genus Aconitum. This review also attempts to provide a detailed account of work explored so far in micropropagation and emphasizes over the areas not attempted yet, which will act as a baseline data as well as valuable information for different stakeholders and researchers working on various aspects of Aconitum biotechnology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

BAP:

6-Benzylaminopurine

NAA:

a-Naphthaleneacetic acid

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Kn:

Kinetin

m amsl:

Meter above mean sea level

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

ISSR:

Inter-simple sequence repeat

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean

References

  • Achmatowiez O Jr, Marim L (1964) The structure of homochasmanine. Can J Chem 42:154–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ameri A (1998) The effects of Aconitum alkaloids on the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 56:211–235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ameri A, Simmet T (1999) Antagonism of the aconitine-induced inexcitability by the structurally related Aconitum alkaloids, lappaconitine and ajacine. Brain Res 842:332–341

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aneja R, Locke DM, Pelletier SW (1973) The diterpene alkaloids: the structure and stereochemistry of heteratisine. Tetrahedron 29:3297–3308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1988) The welth of India. Dictionary of Indian raw material and industrial products. Raw materials, vol 1. New Delhi, CSIR, p 253

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2000) Report of the task force on conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. Planning Commission of Government of India, p 194. http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/taskforce/tsk_medi.pdf. Accessed 7 November 2016

  • Anwar S, Ahmad B, Subhan M, Gul W, Nazar-ul-Islam (2003) Biological and pharmacological properties of Aconitum chasmanthum. J Biol Sci 3:989–993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arlandini E, Ballabio M, Gioia B, Bugatti C, Colombo ML, Tome F (1987) Ethylaconitine from Aconitum napellus ssp. Vulgare. J Nat Prod 50:937–939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronen TS, Krajnakova J, Haggman HM, Ryynanen LA (1999) Genetic fidelity of cryopreserved embryogenic cultures of openpollinated Abies cephalonica. Plant Sci 142:163–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azlan GJ, Marziah M, Radzali M, Johari R (2002) Establishment of Physalis minima hairy root culture for production of physalins. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 69:271–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baiza AM, Quiroz A, Ruiz JA, Maldonnado-Mendoza I, Loyala-Vargas VM (1998) Growth patterns alkaloid accumulation in hairy root and untransformed root cultures of Datura stramonium. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 54:123–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj YPS (1989) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 5. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1998) Seeds: ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic press, San Diego, p 666

    Google Scholar 

  • Batygina TB (2004) Polymorphism of sexual and somatic embryos as manifestation of their development parallelism under natural condition and in tissue culture. In: Srivastava S (ed) Plant biotechnology and molecular marker. Kluver Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 51–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Beigh SY, Nawchoo IA, Iqbal M (2005) Cultivation and conservation of Aconitum heterophyllum: a critically endangered medicinal herb of the northwest Himalayas. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 1:47–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA, Taha HS, Saker MM, Solliman ME (2007) Application of cryopreservation technique for in vitro grown date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultures. J Appl Sci Res 3:853–866

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhadula SK, Singh A, Lata H, Kuniyal CP, Purohit AN (2000) Distribution pattern, population diversity and propagation of some high altitude medicinal herb from garhwal Himalayas: problems and prospects for conservation. In: Pangenty YPS, Rawal RS (eds) High altitudes of the Himalaya-II; biodiversity, ecology and environment. Gyanogaya Prakashan, Nainital, pp 389–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhandary HR, Shrestha P (1982) Ethnobotanical approach on the poisonous plants of Annapurna and Langtang Himalayan area. J Nat His Mus 6(4):125–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhandary HR, Shrestha P (1986) Ethnobotanical investigations on the poisonous plants of Manang– Mustang and adjoining area. J Nat His Mus 10:133–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhojwani SS, Razdan MK (1996) Clonal propagation. Plant tissue culture: theory and practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 483–536

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisht C, Badoni A (2009) Medicinal strength of some alpine and sub-alpine zones of western Himalaya, India. N Y Sci J 2(5):41–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Bist R, Pathak K, Hatwal D, Punetha H, Gaur AK (2011) In vitro propagation of Aconitum balfourii Stapf. A rare medicinal herb of the alpine Himalayas. Indian J Hortic 68(3):394–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Bliss LC (1971) Arctic and alpine plant life cycles. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 2:405–438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CAMP (2003) Threat assessment and management priorities of selected medicinal plants of Western Himalayan states, India. In: Proceedings of the conservation assessment of medicinal plants workshop, 22–26 May, Shimla. FRLHT, Bangalore, India

  • Cervelli R (1987) In vitro propagation of Aconitum noveboracense and Aconitum napellus. Hortic Sci 22(2):304–305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra B (2003) Studies on propagation, agrotechnology and phytochemical evaluation of some alpine medicinal plants of Himalayan region. Ph.D. thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital, p 148

  • Chang Z, Guo D, Shen X, Wang S, Zhen J (1998) Anthraquinone production and analysis in the hairy root cultures of Rheum palmatum L. Yao Xue Xue Bao 33:869–872

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary LB, Rao RR (1998) Notes on the genus Aconitum L. (Ranunculaceae) in north West Himalaya (India). Feddes Repert 109:527–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan NS (1999) Medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi, p 632

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen J-H, Lee C-Y, Liau B-C, Lee M-R, Jong T-T, Chiang S-T (2008) Determination of aconitine-type alkaloids as markers in fuzi (Aconitum carmichaeli) by LC/(+) ESI/MS3. J Pharm Biomed Anal 48:1105–1111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chodoeva A, Bose JJ, Guillon J, Decendit A, Petraud M (2005) 8-O-Azeloyl-14-benzoylaconine: a new alkaloid from the roots of Aconitum karacolicum Rapcs. and its antiproliferative activities. Bioorg Med Chem 13:6493–6501

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi PS, Kim YD, Choi KP, Chung HJ, Choi DW, Liu JR (2004) Plant regeneration from hairy-root cultures transformed by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Rep 22:828–831

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chu JH, Ho S, Chou YL (1964) Huaxue Xuebao 30:139

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole CT, Kuchenreuther MA (2001) Molecular markers reveal little genetic differentiation among Aconitum noveboracense and A. columbianum (Ranunculaceae) population. Am J Bot 88(2):337–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Csupor D, Wenzig EM, Wolkart K, Zupko I, Holman J, Baner R (2009) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of aconitine type and lipo-alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaelii roots. J Chromatogr A 12:2079–2086

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalteskaya TV (1985) Gormonalnaya regulyatsiya pokoya I prorastaniya semyan hormonic regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Kiev Publisher, Naukova Dumka, pp 80–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Desui HK, Silverman LP, Pelletier SW (1998) Merckonine, a new aconitine-type norditerpenoid alkaloid with a –N=C– functionality. Heterocycles 48(6):1107–1110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhar U, Rawal RS, Upreti J (2000) Setting priorities for conservation of medicinal plants: a case study in the Indian Himalaya. Biol Conserv 95:57–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Díaz JG, Ruiza JG, Herz W (2005) Norditerpene and diterpene alkaloids from Aconitum variegatum. Phytochemistry 66:837–846

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobigny A, Ambroise A, Haicour R, David C, Rossignol L, Sihachakr D (1995) Transformation of potatao using Mannopine and Cucumopine strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 40:225–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dosmann MS (2002) Stratification improves and is likely required for germination of Aconitum sinomontanum. Hortic Technol 12:423–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunstan WR, Andrews AE (1905) Bikhaconitum, the alkaloid of Aconitum species. J Chem Soc 87:1636–1650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dzhakhangirov FN, Bessonova IA (2002) Alkaloids of Aconitum coreanum. X. Curare-like activity structure relationship. Chem Nat Compd 38:74–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel AS (1985) Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull World Health Org 63:965–981

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Feng F, Jing-Han Liu, Shou-Xun Zhao (1998) Diterpene alkaloids from Aconitum kirinense. Phytochemistry 49:2557–2559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenner M (1985) Seed ecology. Chapman and Hall, London, p 151

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Feunte GDL, Reina M, Valencia E, Rodriguez-Ojeda A (1988) The diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum napellus. Heterocycles 27(5):1109–1113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feunte GDI, Reina M, Valencia E (1989) The structure of two new diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum napellus L. S. str. Heterocycles 29(8):1577–1582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fico G, Braca A, Tommasi ND, Tome F, Morelli I (2001) Flavonoids from Aconitum napellus subsp. Neomontanum. Phytochemistry 57:543–546

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fico G, Braca A, Morelli I, Tome F (2003) Flavonol glycosides from Aconitum vulparia. Fitoterapia 74:420–422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furmanowa M, Syklowska-Baranek K (2000) Hairy root cultures of Taxus x media var Hicksii Rehd. as a new source of paclitaxel and 10-deacetylbaccatin III. Biotechnol Lett 22:683–686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gajalakshami S, Jeyanthi P, Vijyalakshami S, Devi Rajeshwari V (2011) Phytochemical constituents of Aconitum species—a review. Int J Appl Biol Pharma Technol 2(4):121–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao LM, Wei X, Yang L (2004) A new diterpenoid alkaloid from a Tibetan medicinal herb Aconitum naviculare Stapf. J Chem Res 4(2):307–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao LM, Wei XM, Yang L (2005) Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum spicatum Stapf. Chin Chem Lett 16(4):475–478

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao LM, Yan LY, He HY, Wei XM (2006) Norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum spicatum Stapf. J Integr Plant Biol 48:364–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao T, Bi H, Ma S, Lu J (2010) Structure elucidation and antioxidant activity of a novel(1 → 3), (1 → 4)-d-glucan from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. Int J Biol Macromol 46:85–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Germana MA, Micheli M, Chiancone B, Macaluso L, Standardi A (2011) Organogenesis and encapsulation of in vitro-derived propagules of Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. 9 Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf]. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 106:299–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giri A, Ahuja PS, Kumar PVA (1993) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus culture of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 32:213–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giri A, Banerjee S, Ahuja PS, Giri CC (1997) Production of hairy roots in A. heterophyllum wall using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 33:280–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzlez AG, Fuente GDI, Reina M, Jones PG, Reithby PR (1983) Two new diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium cardiopetalum. Tetrahedron Lett 24(35):3765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzlez-Coloma A, Reina M, Guadano A, Martinez-Diaz R, Diaz JG, Garcia-Rodriguez J, Alva A, Grandez M (2004) Antifeedant C20 diterpene alkaloids. Chem Biol 1(9):1327–1335

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta A, Vats SK, Brij L (1998) How cheap can a medicinal plants species be? Curr Sci 74:555–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanuman JB, Katz A (1993a) Isolation and identification of four norditerpenoid alkaloids from processed and unprocessed root tubers of Aconitum ferox. J Nat Prod 56(6):801–986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanuman JB, Katz A (1993b) Isolation of quinolinones from ayurvedic processed root tubers of Aconitum ferox. Nat Prod Lett 3:227–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanuman JB, Katz A (1994a) New lipo norditerpenoid alkaloids from root tubers of Aconitum ferox. J Nat Prod 57:105–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanuman JB, Katz A (1994b) Diterpenoid alkaloids from Ayurvedic processed and unprocessed Aconitum ferox. Phytochemistry 36:1527–1535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harnischfeger G (2000) Proposed guidelines for commercial collection of medicinal plant material. J Herb spice Med Plant 7(1):43–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harper JL (1977) Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London, p 892

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatano K, Kamura K, Shoyama Y, Nishioka I (1988) Clonal multiplication of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. by tip tissue culture and alkaloid contents of clonally propagated plants. Planta Med 54:152–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatwal D, Bist R, Pathak K, Chaturvedi P, Bhatt JP, Gaur AK (2011) A simple method for genomic DNA isolation for RAPD analysis from dry leaves of A. balfourii Staf. (Ranunculaceae). J Chem Pharm Res 3(3):505–510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazawa M, Wada K, Takahashi K, Mori T, Kawahara N, Kashiwakura I (2009) Suppressive effects of novel derivatives prepared from Aconitum alkaloids on tumor growth. Investig New Drugs 27:11–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hikino H, Kuroiwa Y, Konno C (1983) Structure of Hokbusine A and B, diterpenic alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaeli roots from Japan. J Nat Prod 46(2):178–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hikino H, Kuroiwa Y, Konno C (1984) Diterpenic alkaloids of Aconitum napellus roots from Switzerland. J Nat Prod 47(1):190–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirai D, Sakai A (2000) Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown meristems of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by encapsulation vitrification. In: Engelmann F, Takagi H (eds) Cryopreservation of tropical plant germplasm, current research progress and application. JIRCAS-IPGRI, Rome, pp 205–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikhlaq M, Hafiz IA, Micheli M, Ahmad T, Abbasi NA, Standardi A (2010) In vitro storage of synthetic seeds: effect of different storage conditions and intervals on their conversion ability. Afr J Biotechnol 9:5712–5721

    Google Scholar 

  • Jabeen N, Shawl AS, Dar GH, Sultan P (2006) Callus induction and organogenesis from explants of Aconitum heterophyllum medicinal plant. Biotechnology 5:287–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs WA, Craig LC (1942) The aconite alkaloids. IX. The isolation of two new alkaloids from Aconitum heterophyllum, heteratisine and hetisine. J Biol Chem 143:605–609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson GL, Jacobson HA, Winne JC (1991) Conservation of rare plant habitat: insights from the recent history of vegetation and fire at crystal fen, Northern Maine, USA. Biol Conserv 57:287–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong GT, Park DH, Hwang B, Park K, Kim SW, Woo JC (2002a) Studies on mass production of transformed Panax ginseng hairy roots in bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 98–100:1115–1127

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong GT, Park DH, Ryu HW, Lee WT, Park K, Kang CH, Hwang B, Woo JC (2002b) Optimum conditions for transformed Panax ginseng hairy roots in flask cuture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 98–100:1029–1039

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang QP, Pelletier SW (1988) Four new diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum palmatum Don. Tetrahedron Lett 29:1875–1878

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang QP, Pelletier SW (1991) Two new diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum palmatum. J Nat Prod 54:525–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang SH, Wang HQ, Li YM, Lin SJ, Tan JJ, Zhu DY (2007) Two new C18-norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum delavayi. Chin Chem Lett 18:409–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadota Y (1987) A revision of Aconitum Subgenus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) of East Asia. Sanwa Shoyaku Co., Ltd., Utsunomiya, pp 1–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakiuchi N, Atsumi T, Higuchi M, Kamikawa S, Miyako H, Wakita Y, Ohtsuka I, Hayashi S, Hishida A, Kawahara N, Nishizawa M, Yamagishi T, Kadota Y (2015) Diversity in aconitum alkaloid profile of Aconitum plants in Hokkaido contrasts with their genetic similarity. J Nat Med 69:154–164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye TN (1997) Seed dormancy in high elevation plants: Implications for ecology and restoration. In: Kaye TN, Liston A, Love RM, Luoma DL, Meinke RJ, Wilson MV (eds) Conservation and management of native plants and fungi. Native Plant Society of Oregon, Corvallis, pp 115–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopp JF (1973) I-Ephedrine in chloroform as a solvent for silver diethyldithiocarbamate in the determination of arsenic. Anal Chem 45(9): 1786–1787

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA (1971) Cytokinins: permissive role in seed germination. Science 171:853–859

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khetwal KS, Pande S (2004) Constituents of high altitude Himalayan herbs. Part XV: a new norditerpenoid alkaloid from the roots of Aconitum balfourii. Nat Prod Res 18(2):129–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khetwal KS, Joshi BS, Desai HK, Pelletier SW (1992) Alkaloids of Aconitum balfourii Stapf. Heterocycles 34(3):441–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1984) Indian medicinal plants, vol III. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, pp 1824–1826

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuniyal CP, Rajsekaran C, Prasad P, Bhadula SK (2003) Propagation of a threatened medicinal herb Aconitum atrox (Bruhl) Muk. through tuber segments. Plant Genet Resour Newsl 135:59–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane B (2004) The encyclopedia of forensic science. Med Hist 36:53–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson A, James ECT (1937) Aconitum part II the relationship between aconitine and atisine and some degradation products of the latter. J Chem Soc 1640–1643. doi:10.1039/JR9370001640

  • Li W, Asada Y, Yoshikawa T (2000) Flavonoid constituents from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures. Phytochemistry 55:447–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim CC, Kitto SL (1995a) Micropropagation of Aconitum uncinatum: growth regulator and antioxidant screening using the surface response analysis method. Hortic Sci 30(2):186

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim CC, Kitto SL (1995b) Micropropagation of Helleborus orientalis Lam. and Aconitum uncinatum Linn. Hortic Sci 30(4):871

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Katz A (1994) A new norditerpenoid alkaloid from seeds of Aconitum napellus ssp. Vulgare. Nat Prod Lett 5(2):147–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Katz A (1996) Diterpenoid alkaloids from Aphids brachycaudus aconite and Brachycaudus napelli feeding on Aconitum napellus. J Nat Prod 59(2):135–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu L, Ai J, Zhang Q, Li C (2015) Study on the culture conditions for hairy roots of Aconitum coreanum (Levl.) Raipaics. Agric Biotechnol 4(2):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu JH, Liu Y, Zhao YY, Tu GZ (2004) New flavonoids from Oxytropis myriophylla. Chem Pharm Bull 52(2):276–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luis JC, Valdes F, Martin R, Carmona AJ, Jesus Diaz G (2006) DPPH radical scavenging activity of two flavonol glycosides from Aconitum napellus. Fitoterapia 77:469–471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahajan R, Kapoor N, Singh I (2015) Effect of growth regulators on in vitro cultures of Aconitum heterophyllum: an endangered medicinal pant. Int J Pure Appl Biosci 3(5):50–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mariani C, Braca A, Vitalini S, De Tommasi N, Visioli F, Fico G (2008) Flavonoid characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of Aconitum anthora L. (Ranunculaceae). Phytochemistry 69:1220–1226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meng F, Peng M, Wang R, Wang C, Guan F (2014) Analysis of genetic diversity in Aconitum kongboense L. revealed by AFLP markers. Biochem Syst Ecol 57:388–394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng F, Wang R, Peng M, Wang C, Wang Z, Guan F (2015) Evaluation of genetic diversity among Kongpo Monkshood (Aconitum kongboense L.) germplasm accessions revealed by inter simple sequence repeat markers. Hortic Sci 50(7):940–943

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mengliang M, Fan L, Yingqiu (2007) The genetic diversity of germplasm of Aconitum carmichalli Debx. revealed by RAPD markers. J Sichuan Agric Univ 25(1):63–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Mericli AH, Mericli F, Becker H, Ilarslan R, Ulubelen A (1996) 3-Hydroxytalatisamine from Aconitum nasutum. Phytochemlstry 42:909–911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miana GA, Ikram M, Khan MI, Sultane F (1971) Alkaloids of Aconitum violaceum. Phytochemistry 10:3320–3322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra J, Bhandari H, Singh M, Rawat S, Agnihotri RK, Mishra S, Purohit S (2011) Hairy root culture of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.: a promising approach for the production of picrotin and picrotoxinin. Acta Physiol Plant 33(5):1841–1846

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitka J, Sutkowska A, Ilnicki T, Joachimiak AJ (2007) Reticulate evolution of high alpine Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) in the Eastern Sudetes and Western Carpathians (Central Europe). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica 49:15–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan JA, Barney CS, Penn AH, Shanks JV (2000) Effect of buffered media upn growth and indole akaloid production of Catharanthus roseus Hairy roots. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53:107–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadeem M, Kumar A, Nandi SK, Palni LMS (2001) Tissue culture of medicinal plants with particular reference to Kumaun Himalaya. In: Proceedings of the workshop on Himalayan medicnal plants-potentialand prospects, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 5–7 Nov 1998

  • Nautiyal MC, Rawat AS, Bhadula SK (1985) Germination in two Aconitum species. Seed Res 14(1):133–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Nautiyal BP, Nautiyal MC, Khanduri VP, Rawat N (2009) Floral biology of Aconitum heterophyllum wall: a critically endangered alpine medicinal plant of Himalaya, India. Turk J Bot 33:13–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisar M, Ahmad M, Wadood N, Lodhi MA, Shaheen F, Choudhary MI (2009) New diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum heterophyllum wall: selective butyrylcholinestrase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 24:47–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Novikoff AV, Mitka J (2011) Taxonomy and ecology of the genus Aconitum L. in Ukranian carpathians. Wulfenia 18:37–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyirimigabo E, Xu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Agyemang K, Zhang Y (2014) A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology species of Aconitum. J Pharm Pharmacol 67(1):1–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey H, Nandi SK, Nadeem M, Palni LMS (2000) Chemical stimulation of seed germination in Aconitum heterophyllum Wall and A. balfourii Stapf.: important Himalayan species of medicinal value. Seed Sci Technol 28:39–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey H, Chandra B, Nadeem M, Kumar A, Nandi SK, Palni LMS (2002) In vitro propagation of some alpine medicinal herbs of Himalaya. In: Nandi SK, Palni LMS and Kumar (eds) Role of plant tissue culture in biodiversity conservation and economic development. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, pp 297–323

  • Pandey H, Nandi SK, Kumar A, Palni UT, Chandra B, Palni LMS (2004) In vitro propagation of Aconitum balfourii Stapf: an important aconite of the Himalayan alpines. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 79:34–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey S, Khushwaha R, Prakash O, Bhattacharya A, Ahuja PS (2005) Ex-situ conservation of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall, an endangered medicinal plant of the Himalaya through mass propagation and its effect on growth and alkaloid content. Plant Genet Resour Newsl 3:127–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park HS, Kim SH, Kim PY, Chang IM (1990) Toxicological studies on raw and processed (prebrewed) Aconitum tubers: acute, sub acute toxicity studies and assay of aconitine alkaloids. Korean J Toxicol 6:41–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak K, Hatwal D, Bist R, Pathak DC, Gaur AK (2011) Study of biochemical variability in the population of Aconitum balfourii by soluble protein and isozyme electrophoretic patterns. J Chem Pharm Res 3(3):295–307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov A, Georgiev V, Ilieva M (2005) Betalain biosynthesis by red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hairy root culture. Process Biochem 40:1531–1533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier SW, Parthasarathy PC (1965) The diterpene alkaloids. Further studies of atisine chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 87(4):777–798

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier SW, Aneja R, Gopinath KW (1968) The alkaloids of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall: isolation and characterization. Phytochemistry 7:625–635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier SW, Decamp WH, Mody NV (1978) Epimerization and isomerization in C20-diterpenoid alkaloids. Crystal and molecular structures of atisinium chloride, dihydroatisine and vetachine. J Am Chem Soc 100:7976–7987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier SW, Mody NV, Sawhney RS (1979) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and their derivatives. Can J Chem 57(13):1652–1655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier SW, Mody NV, Finer-Moore J, Desai HK, Puri HS (1981) The structure and absolute configuration of heterophylloidine. Tetrahedron Lett 22:313–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier SW, Ateya AM, Finer-Moore J, Mody NV, Schramm LC (1982) Atisenol, A new entatisene diterpenoid lactone from Aconitum heterophyllum. J Nat Prod 45(6):779–781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peres IEP, Morgante PG, Vecchi C, Kraus JE, Van Sluys MA (2001) Shoot regeneration capacity from roots and transgenic hairy roots of tomato cultivars and wild related species. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 65:37–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pullaiah T (2006) Encyclopaedia of world medicinal plants, vol 1. Regency Publications, New Delhi, p 223

    Google Scholar 

  • Purushothman KK, Chandrasekharan S (1974) Alkaloids of Aconitum ferox. Phytochemistry 13:1975–1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rani V, Raina SN (2000) Genetic fidelity of organized meristem derived micropropagated plants: a critical appraisal. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 36:319–330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravishankar GA, Venkatraman LV (1997) Biotechnological applications of plant tissue culture and cell culture. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, p 440

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawat AS, Pharswan AS, Nautiyal MC (1992) Propagation of Aconitum atrox (Bhrul) Muk. (Rananculaceae) a regionally threted medicinal herb. Econ Bot 46(3):337–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawat JM, Rawat B, Agnihotri RK, Chandra A, Nautiyal S (2013a) In vitro propagation, genetic and secondary metabolite analysis of Aconitum violaceum jacq.: a threatened medicinal herb. Acta Physiol Plant 35:2589–2599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawat JM, Rawat B, Chandra A, Nautiyal S (2013b) Influence of growth regulators on indirect shoot organogenesis and secondary metabolite production of Aconitum violaceum Jacq. Afr J Biotechnol 12:6287–6293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross SA, Pelletier SW, Aasen AJ (1992) New norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum septentrionale. Tetrahedron 48(7):1183–1192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena G, Banerjee S, Rahman A, Verma PC, Mallavarapu GR, Kumar S (2007) Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) generated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated Ri-insertion for improved essential oil quality. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 90:215–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah NC (2005) Conservation aspect of Aconitum species in the Himalayas with special reference to Uttaranchal India. Med Plant Conserv 11:9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaheen F, Ahmad M, Khan MTH, Jalil S, Ejaz A, Sultankhodjaev MN, Arfan M, Choudhary MI, Atta-ur-Rahman (2005) Alkaloids of Aconitum laeve and their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. Phytochemistry 66:935–940

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma E, Gaur AK (2012) Aconitum balfourii Stapf.: a rare medicinal herb from Himalayan Alpine. J Med Plants Res 6(22):3810–3817

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma KD, Singh BM, Sharma TR, Katoch M, Guleria S (2000) Molecular analysis of variability in Podophyllum hexandrum Royle—an endangered medicinal herb of northwestern Himalaya. Plant Gen Resour Newsl 124:57–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma RK, Sharma S, Sharma SS (2006) Seed germination behavior of some medicinal plants of Lahaul and Spiti cold desert (Himachal Pradesh): implication for conservation and cultivation. Curr Sci 90:1113–1118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon JW, Balick M, Laird S (1998) Is using medicinal plants compatible with conservation? Plant Talk 13:29–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheludko Y, Gerasimenko I, Kolshorn H, Stockigt J (2002) Isolation and structure elucidation of a new indole alkaloid from Rauvolfia serpentina hairy root culture: the first naturally occurring alkaloid of the raumaclina group. Plant Medica 68:435–439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiping C, Shan SJ, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y (1998) Effects of culture temperature on microtuber formation of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and aconitine type Alkaloid contents. Biotronics 27:15–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoyama Y, Yamada Y, Nishioka I (1993) Relationship between the content of Aconitine type alkaloids and growth environment in clonally propagated Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Biotronics 22:87–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha BB, Dall’Acqu S, Gewali MB, Jha PK, Innocenti G (2006) New flavonoid glycosides from Aconitum naviculare (Bruhl) Stapf., a medicinal herb from the trans-Himalayan region of Nepal. Carbohydr Res 341:2161–2165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shyaula SL (2011) Phytochemicals, traditional uses and processing of Aconitum species in Napal. Nepal J Sci Technol 12:171–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP, Chaturvedi GN (1982) Some traditional anti-diarrhoeal drugs. Nagarjun 26:130–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh N, Singh A (1972) Diterpene alkaloids- Carbon skeleton of vakatisine. Indian J Chem 10:953–954

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Kuniyal CP, Hemantlata Rajshekarn C, Prasad P, Bhadula SK, Purohit AN (1998) Invitro propagation of Aconitum atrox (Bhrul) Muk. A threatened medicinal herb from Garhwal Himalaya. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 4:171–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Singhuber J, Zhu M, Prinz S, Kopp B (2009) Aconitum in traditional chinese medicine—a valuable drug or an unpredictable risk? J Ethnopharmacol 126:18–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava V, Khan SA, Banerjee S (2009) An evaluation of genetic fidelity of encapsulated microshoots of the medicinal plant: cineraria maritime following 6 months of storage. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 29:623–629

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava N, Kamal B, Sharma V, Negi YK, Dobriyal Gupta S, Jodan VS (2010) Standardization of sterilization protocol for micropropagation of Aconitum heterophyllum—an endangered medicinal herb. Acad Arena 2(6):37–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka N, Takao M, Matsumoto T (1995) Vincamine production in multiple shoot culture derived from hairy roots of Vinca minor. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 41:61–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang P, Chen DL, Jian XX, Wang FP (2007) Two new C19-diterpenoid alkaloids from roots Aconitum hemsleyanium var. atropurpureum. Chin Chem Lett 18:704–707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulubelen A, Mericli AH, Mericli F, Yilmaz F (1996) Diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum orientale. Phytochemistry 41:957–961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulubelen A, Mericli AH, Mericli F, Kolak U, Arfan M, Ahmad M, Ahmad H (2002) Norditerpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum leave Royle. Pharmazie 57(6):427–429

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Utelli AB, Roy BA, Baltisberger M (2000) Molecular and morphological analyses of European Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae). Plant Syst Evol 224:195–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandelook F, Lenaerts J, Jozef AVA (2009) The role of temperature in post dispersal embryo growth and dormancy break in seed of Aconitum lycoctomum L. Flora 204:536–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil IK, Vasil V (1980) Clonal propagation international review of cytology. Supplement 11a:145–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitalini S, Braca A, Passarella D, Fico G (2010) New flavonol glycosides from Aconitum burnatii Gáyer and Aconitum variegatum L. Fitoterapia 81:940–947

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker NA, Robert BR, Waite JL, Dumbroff EB (1989) Relationship among cytokinin, etheline and polyamines during the stratification-germination process in seeds of Acer saccharum. Physiol Plant 76:326–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang FP, Li ZB, Dai XP, Peng CS (1997) Structural revision of franchetine and vilmorisine, two norditerpenoid alkaloids from the roots of aconitum spp. Phytochemistry 45:1539–1542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang FP, Peng CS, Yu KB (2000) Racemulosine, a novel skeletal C20-diterpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum racemulosum Franch var. pengzhouense. Tetrahedron 56:7443–7446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Van der Heijden R, Spruit S, Hankermeier T, Chan K (2009) Quality and safety of Chinese herbal medicines guided by a systems biology perspective. J Ethnopharma 126:31–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wanga X, Li Z, Yang B (2004) Trans-2,2V,4,4V-tetramethyl-6,6V-dinitroazobenzene from Aconitum sungpanense. Fitoterapia 75:789–791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wangchuk P, Bremner JB, Samosorn S (2007) Hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids from the Bhutanese medicinal plant Aconitum orochryseum. J Nat Prod 70(11):1808–1811

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wangchuk P, Bremner JB, Samten Skelton BW, White AH, Rattanajak R, Kamchonwongpaisan S (2010) Antiplasmodial activity of atisinium chloride from the Bhutanese medicinal plant, Aconitum orochryseum. J Ethnopharmacol 130:559–562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watad AA, Kochba M, Nissima A, Gaba V (1995) Improvement of Aconitum napellus micropropagation by liquid culture on floating membrane rafts. Plant Cell Rep 14:345–348

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre) (1992) Global biodiversity status of earth’s living resources. Chapman & Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Weathers PJ, Cheetham RD, Follansbee E, Teoh K (1994) Artimisinin production by transformed roots of Artimisia annua. Biotechnol Lett 16(12):1281–1286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams K, Kubelik AR, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acid Res 18:1631–1635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G, Jiang SH, Zhu D (1996) Norditerpenoid alkaloids from roots of Aconitum finetianum. Phytochemistry 42:1253–1255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Guo ZJ, Wu N (2010) Two new amide alkaloids with anti-leukaemia activities from Aconitum taipeicum. Fitoterapia 81:1091–1093

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita H, Daimon H, Kennedy YA, Masuda T (2004) Plant regeneration from hairy roots of apple root stock, Malus prunifolia Borkh. Var. ringo Asami, strain Nagano no. 1, transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 73(6):505–510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Ito Y (2002) Preparative separation of lappaconitine, ranaconitine, N-deacetyllappaconitine and N-deacetylranaconitine from crude alkaloids of sample Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai. by high-speedcounter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr 943:219–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang JH, Li ZY, Li L, Wang YS (1999) Diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum episcopale. Phytochemistry 50:345–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu LC, ShuBo L, Yi KX, LiLi L, YingPing W (2013) Optimization of suspension culture conditions for hairy roots of Aconitum coreanum (Levl.) Raipaics. Agric Biotechnol 2(4):5–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhamerashvili MG, Yunuso MS, Telnov VA, Yunusov SY (1981) The alkaloids of some Delphinium and Aconitum species. Nat Prod 3(97):78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang CJ, Liu CM, Yun L, Li HY (2009) Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Aconitum tanguticum. J Chin Pharma Sci 18:240–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao YY, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Sun WJ (2009) An expeditious HPLC method to distinguish Aconitum kusnezoffii from related species. Fitoterapia 80:333–338

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao F, Nie J, Chen M, Wu G (2015) Assessment of genetic characteristics of Aconitum germplasms in Xinjiang Province (China) by RAPD and ISSR markers. Biotechnol Biotechnol Eqiup 29(2):309–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zietkiewicz E, Rafalski A, Labuda D (1994) Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeats (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics 20:176–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Director of the Institute for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this work. Sincere acknowledgment goes to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for the financial support to JMR (WOSA/LS-191/2010) and BR (SB/YS/LS-205/2013), respectively. Authors are highly thankful to the Society for the Conservation of Nature, Rewa, MP, India for the help and guidance provided during the preparation of this review.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006, India

    Janhvi Mishra Rawat & Anup Chandra

  2. Forest Ecology and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006, India

    Balwant Rawat

  3. Genetics and Tree Propagation Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006, India

    Aakriti Bhandari & Shambhavi Yadav

  4. Society for the Conservation of Nature, Parnkuti Anantpur University Road, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, 486002, India

    Janhvi Mishra Rawat, Balwant Rawat, Susmita Mishra & SN Mishra

Authors
  1. Janhvi Mishra Rawat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Balwant Rawat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aakriti Bhandari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shambhavi Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Susmita Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Anup Chandra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. SN Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Balwant Rawat.

Additional information

Communicated by A. K. Kononowicz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rawat, J.M., Rawat, B., Bhandari, A. et al. Aconitum biotechnology: recent trends and emerging perspectives. Acta Physiol Plant 38, 280 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2295-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2295-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation