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Enhancement of the mechanical and antibacterial properties of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental composite incorporated with ZnO/CS and Si/PMMA core–shell nanostructures

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Abstract

In this study, Si/PMMA and ZnO/CS core–shell structures were synthesized as inorganic fillers and added to a bisphenol A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (50%/50%) commercial dental composite at a weight percentage (wt%) of 0.1–1.0% to simultaneously improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the composite. The prepared composites were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ζ-potential), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties, including flexural strength and flexural modulus, of the composite were investigated by three-point bending tests. Additionally, the antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria strain was evaluated using the colony-forming unit method to assess the antibacterial effect of the novel composite. As a result, the Bis-GMA/TEGDMA-Si/PMMA/ZnO/CS dental composite, reinforced with 0.1 wt% Si/PMMA and 0.5 wt% ZnO/CS, exhibited a 46% improvement in flexural strength and a 56% improvement in flexural modulus compared to pristine Bis-GMA/TEGDMA. Moreover, the novel Bis-GMA/TEGDMA-Si/PMMA/ZnO/CS dental composite showed a 95% reduction in bacterial growth against the S. aureus bacteria strain.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the authors.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by İzmir Katip Çelebi University Scientific Research Council (IKCU-BAP). The authors would like to thank the IKCU-BAP for the financial support via 2021-ÖDL-FEBE-0002 project number.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey

    Izel Ok & Ahmet Aykac

  2. Department of Engineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey

    Ahmet Aykac

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  1. Izel Ok
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  2. Ahmet Aykac
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All authors have reviewed and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. IO contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. AA contributed to conceptualization, methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, supervision, resources, review and editing, and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Ahmet Aykac.

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Ok, I., Aykac, A. Enhancement of the mechanical and antibacterial properties of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA dental composite incorporated with ZnO/CS and Si/PMMA core–shell nanostructures. Chem. Pap. 77, 6959–6973 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02989-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02989-9

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