Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reoperative Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review of the Reasons for Surgery, Medical and Weight Loss Outcomes, Relevant Behavioral Factors

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Obesity Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 05 October 2017

This article has been updated

Abstract

Reoperative surgery following the failure of primary bariatric surgery is increasing due to the significant rates of patients experiencing poor weight loss or medical complications. This literature review was conducted to organize the emerging, but scattered, literature regarding the reasons for undergoing surgery, the best available options, the predictors of success, and the psychological characteristics of patients submitted to reoperative surgeries. Reoperative procedures are technically challenging, but the possible benefits of reoperation supplant the increased risks associated with these procedures. The etiology of reasons for undergoing a second surgery includes medical (e.g., fistula, ulcer disease) and behavioral aspects. Factors that may compromise outcomes have not been much studied. Particular attention should be paid to candidates with a history of difficulties in engaging in healthy eating patterns.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 05 October 2017

    Eating and lifestyle behaviors, difficulty in embracing the required lifestyle changes, and reappearance of depressive and anxious symptoms have been associated with failure of weight loss or weight regain after primary surgeries. These aspects are further developed in the original manuscript.

References

  1. Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery. JAMA. 2004;292:1724–37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15479938

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sjöström L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1045–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Patel S, Szomstein S, Rosenthal RJ. Reasons and outcomes of reoperative bariatric surgery for failed and complicated procedures (excluding adjustable gastric banding). Obes Surg. 2011;21:1209–19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20676940

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Augustin T, Aminian A, Romero-Talamás H, et al. Reoperative surgery for management of early complications after gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2016;26:345–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Stefanidis D, Malireddy K, Kuwada T, et al. Revisional bariatric surgery: perioperative morbidity is determined by type of procedure. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:4504–10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang L, Tan WH, Chang R, et al. Perioperative risk and complications of revisional bariatric surgery compared to primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2015;29:1316–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lo Menzo E, Szomstein S, Rosenthal RJ. The ASMBS textbook of bariatric surgery: bariatric surgery. In: Nguyen NT, Blackstone RP, Morton JM, Ponce J, Rosenthal RJ, editors. . New York: Springer; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shimizu H, Annaberdyev S, Motamarry I, et al. Revisional bariatric surgery for unsuccessful weight loss and complications. Obes Surg. 2013;23:1766–73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828032

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Brethauer SA, Kothari S, Sudan R, et al. Systematic review on reoperative bariatric surgery American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Revision Task Force. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014;10:1–21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24776071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kuzminov A, Palmer AJ, Wilkinson S, et al. Re-operations after secondary bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2016;26:2237–47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27272668

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gagner M, Gentileschi P, De Csepel J, et al. Laparoscopic reoperative bariatric surgery: experience from 27 consecutive patients. Obes Surg. 2002;12:254–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Himpens J, Cadière GB, Bazi M, et al. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Arch Surg. 2011;146:802–7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422330

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sanchez H, Cabrera A, Cabrera K, et al. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as a revision procedure after restrictive bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2008;18:1539–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Elnahas A, Graybiel K, Hong D, et al. Systematic review of definitions of failure in revisional bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2013;25:571–4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27272668

    Google Scholar 

  15. Coblijn UK, Verveld CJ, van Wagensveld BA, et al. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as revisional procedure after adjustable gastric band—a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2013;23:1899–914. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cheung D, Switzer NJ, Gill RS, et al. Revisional bariatric surgery following failed primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2014;24:1757–63. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24927693

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mahawar KK, Graham Y, Carr WRJ, et al. Revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review of comparative outcomes with respective primary procedures. Obes Surg. 2015;25:1271–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. van Wageningen B, Berends F, Van Ramshorst B, et al. Revision of failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2006;16:137–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nesset EM, Kendrick ML, Houghton SG, et al. A two-decade spectrum of revisional bariatric surgery at a tertiary referral center. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3:25–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Spyropoulos C, Kehagias I, Panagiotopoulos S, et al. Revisional bariatric surgery—13-year experience from a tertiary institution. Arch Surg. 2010;145:173–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Deylgat B, Hondt MD, Pottel H, et al. Indications, safety, and feasibility of conversion of failed bariatric surgery to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a retrospective comparative study with primary laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:1997–2002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lakdawala M, Limas P, Dhar S, et al. Laparoscopic revision of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to sleeve gastrectomy: a ray of hope for failed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2016;9:122–7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940524

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kuesters S, Grueneberger JM, Baumann T, et al. Revisionary bariatric surgery: indications and outcome of 100 consecutive operations at a single center. Surg Endosc Interv Technol. 2012;26:1718–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mor A, Keenan E, Portenier D, et al. Case-matched analysis comparing outcomes of revisional versus primary laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:548–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Roller JE, Provost DA. Revision of failed gastric restrictive operations to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: impact of multiple prior bariatric operations on outcome. Obes Surg. 2006;16:865–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16839484

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Coblijn UK, de Raaff CAL, Lagarde SM, et al. Do complications alter postoperative weight loss 1 year after primary and revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass? Obes Surg. 2016;26:2213–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Khoursheed M, Al-Bader I, Mouzannar A, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass as revisional bariatric procedures: retrospective evaluation of outcomes. Surg Endosc Interv Technol. 2013;27:4277–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Abdelgawad M, de Angelis F, Iossa A, et al. Management of complications and outcomes after revisional bariatric surgery: 3-year experience at a bariatric center of excellence. Obes Surg. 2016;26:1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zingg U, McQuinn A, Divalentino D, et al. Revisional vs primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass—a case-matched analysis: less weight loss in revisions. Obes Surg. 2010;20:1627–32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577830

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. te Riele WW, Sze YK, Wiezer MJ, et al. Conversion of failed laparoscopic gastric banding to gastric bypass as safe and effective as primary gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008;4:735–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Keshishian A, Zahriya K, Hartoonian T, et al. Duodenal switch is a safe operation for patients who have failed other bariatric operations. Obes Surg. 2004;14:1187–92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527632

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ardestani A, Lautz DB, Tavakkolizadeh A. Band revision versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass conversion as salvage operation after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011;7:33–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ee E, Nottle PD. Outcomes of revision laparoscopic gastric banding: a retrospective study. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83:571–4.

  34. Brolin RE, Cody RP. Weight loss outcome of revisional bariatric operations varies according to the primary procedure. Ann Surg. 2008;248:227–32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650632

  35. Hamdi A, Julien C, Brown P, et al. Midterm outcomes of revisional surgery for gastric pouch and gastrojejunal anastomotic enlargement in patients with weight regain after gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2014;24:1386–90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24634099

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ortega J, Sala C, Flor B, et al. Vertical banded gastroplasty converted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: little impact on nutritional status after 5-year follow-up. Obes Surg. 2004;14:638–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Abu-Gazala S, Keidar A. Conversion of failed gastric banding into four different bariatric procedures. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8:400–7.

  38. Kafri N, Valfer R, Nativ O, et al. Behavioral outcomes following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy performed after failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Obes Surg. 2013;23:346–52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23104388

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rudolph A, Hilbert A. Post-operative behavioural management in bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2013;14:292–302. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23294936

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Sarwer DB, Dilks RJ, West-Smith L. Dietary intake and eating behavior after bariatric surgery: threats to weight loss maintenance and strategies for success. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011;7:644–51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21962227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Legenbauer T, Petrak F, De Zwaan M, et al. Influence of depressive and eating disorders on short- and long-term course of weight after surgical and nonsurgical weight loss treatment. Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52:301–11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21497225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Gobble RM, Parikh MS, Greives MR, et al. Gastric banding as a salvage procedure for patients with weight loss failure after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011;7:219–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ziegler O, Sirveaux MA, Brunaud L, et al. Medical follow up after bariatric surgery : nutritional and drug issues general recommendations for the prevention and treatment of nutritional deficiencies. Diabetes Metab. 2009;35:544–57. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20152742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Conceição EM, Utzinger LM, Pisetsky EM. Eating disorders and problematic eating behaviours before and after bariatric surgery: characterization, assessment and association with treatment outcomes. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2015;23:417–25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4861632/

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Conceição EM, Mitchell JE, Pinto-Bastos A, et al. Stability of problem eating behaviors and weight loss trajectories following bariatric surgery: a longitudinal observational study. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016a;13:1063–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Niego SH, Kofman MD, Weiss JJ, et al. Binge eating in the bariatric surgery population: a review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40:349–59. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304586

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Conceição E, Mitchell J, Engle S, et al. What is “grazing”? Reviewing its definition, frequency, clinical characteristics and impact on bariatric surgery outcomes, and proposing a standardized definition. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014;10:973–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. De Zwaan M, Marschollek M, Allison KC. The night eating syndrome (NES) in bariatric surgery patients. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2015;23:426–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Fischer S, Chen E, Katterman S, et al. Emotional eating in a morbidly obese bariatric surgery-seeking population. Obes Surg. 2007;17:778–84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17879578

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Mathus-Vliegen EMH. Long-term health and psychosocial outcomes from surgically induced weight loss: results obtained in patients not attending protocolled follow-up visits. Int J Obes. 2007;31:299–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Conceição E, Orcutt M, Mitchell J, et al. Eating disorders after bariatric surgery: a case series. Int J Eat Disord. 2013;46:274–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192683

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Ryden A, Klarksson J, Sullivan M, et al. Coping and distress: what happens after intervention? A 2-year follow-up from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. Psychosom Med. 2003;65:435–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. De Zwaan M, Enderle J, Wagner S, et al. Anxiety and depression in bariatric surgery patients: a prospective, follow-up study using structured clinical interviews. J Affect Disord. 2011;133:61–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501874

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Schag K, Mack I, Giel KE, et al. The impact of impulsivity on weight loss four years after bariatric surgery. Nutrients. 2016;8:1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Karlsson J, Taft C, Rydén A, et al. Ten-year trends in health-related quality of life after surgical and conventional treatment for severe obesity: the SOS intervention study. Int J Obes. 2007;31:1248–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Karmali S, Brar B, Shi X, et al. Weight recidivism post-bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2013;23:1922–33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23996349

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Hunger control and regular physical activity facilitate weight loss after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Obes Surg. 2008;18:833–40. https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/18408982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Conceição EM, Machado PPP, Vaz AR, et al. APOLO-Bari, an internet-based program for longitudinal support of bariatric surgery patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016b;17:114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772442/

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Ana Pinto-Bastos, Eva M. Conceição & Paulo P. P. Machado

Authors
  1. Ana Pinto-Bastos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eva M. Conceição
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paulo P. P. Machado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eva M. Conceição.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Does not apply.

Funding

This research was partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Foundation for Science and Technology through a European Union COMPETE program grant to Eva Conceição (IF/01219/2014) and doctoral scholarship (SFRH/BD/104159/2014) to Ana Pinto-Bastos. This work was conducted at Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology, and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653).

Additional information

A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2947-4.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pinto-Bastos, A., Conceição, E.M. & Machado, P.P.P. Reoperative Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review of the Reasons for Surgery, Medical and Weight Loss Outcomes, Relevant Behavioral Factors. OBES SURG 27, 2707–2715 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2855-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2855-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation