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Exploring the lipidome, nutraceutical profile, anti-oxidant activity and physico-chemical properties of fixed oil derived from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed fractions: a comparative analysis

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Abstract

Selective extraction is an improved method applied to fenugreek seeds to isolate specific bioactive compounds from different seed fractions. This process leads to the recovery of two fixed oils (FO) from husk (HK) and cotyledon (CT) as by-products of the defatting process. The main objective of this study is to investigate and compare the properties obtained from these fractions FO. A comprehensive analysis of the extracted FO was performed, including lipid class distribution, fatty acid analysis, molecular species of triacylglycerols, nutraceutical profile (sterol and tocopherol content), antioxidant activity (polyphenol content) and physicochemical properties. The percentage oil yield of the husk and cotyledon fractions was 2.625 ± 0.2% and 11.6 ± 0.69%, respectively. In addition, nutrient profiling identified β-sitosterol, 1340.31 ± 1.01 and 1670.28 ± 1.22 and α-tocopherol, 0.17 and 0.13 mg/100 g in HK and CT, respectively. Fatty acid analysis revealed a higher proportion of linoleic acid (50.17 µmol %) in HK FO and α-linolenic acid (15.28 µmol %) in CT FO as major fatty acids. The Husk FO exhibited significant antioxidant activity due to its high polyphenol content. Other parameters related to the physical and chemical properties determine the quality, stability and characteristics of the fixed oils from both fractions. The results provide valuable insights into the specific properties of FO obtained from these fractions and shed light on differences in the composition of bioactive compounds such as sterols, tocopherols and fatty acids. This research contributes to the understanding of the constituents of fenugreek seeds and their potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Abbreviations

ABTS- 2:

2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzo thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid

AOCS:

American oil chemists society

BF3 :

Boron trifluoride

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DLATGS:

Deuterated L-alanine doped triglycene sulphate

DPPH:

1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl

DSC:

Differential Scanning Calorimeter

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

FC:

Folin-Ciocalteu

FFA:

Free fatty acid

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

FO:

Fixed oil

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

GC-MS:

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

GL:

Glycolipid

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HR-MS ESI:

High-resolution mass spectroscopy electrospray ionization

IC50 :

Inhibition concentration

IV:

Iodine value

NL:

Neutral lipid

OD:

Optical density

PDA:

Photodiode array

PL:

Phospholipid

p-A:

Value- p-anisidine Value

PV:

Peroxide value

RT:

Room temperature

SV:

Saponification value

SE:

Steryl ester

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

TPC:

Total phenolic content

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

TPTZ:

2,4,6-tripyridyl-triazine

USM:

Unsaponifiable matter

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Director, CSIR-CFTRI Mysuru, India, for her support and encouragement. Ms. Uma Maheshwari S is thankful to Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi for her Junior Research Fellowship.

Funding

This work was supported and funded by the CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru and Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, under GAP-0462 project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Uma Maheshwari Srinivasa, Ayushi Dalmia, Ajay Wamanrao Tumaney & Madeneni Madhava Naidu

  2. Department of plantation products, spices and flavor technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India

    Uma Maheshwari Srinivasa & Madeneni Madhava Naidu

  3. Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, 570020, India

    Ayushi Dalmia & Ajay Wamanrao Tumaney

Authors
  1. Uma Maheshwari Srinivasa
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  2. Ayushi Dalmia
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  3. Ajay Wamanrao Tumaney
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  4. Madeneni Madhava Naidu
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Contributions

UMS and AD have done the investigation of the experiments; AWT and MMN have supervised and funded the work; Manuscript was written by UMS.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Madeneni Madhava Naidu.

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Srinivasa, U.M., Dalmia, A., Tumaney, A.W. et al. Exploring the lipidome, nutraceutical profile, anti-oxidant activity and physico-chemical properties of fixed oil derived from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed fractions: a comparative analysis. Food Measure (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-024-02501-1

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