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Nano-emulsion of denak (Oliveria decumbens Vent.) essential oil: ultrasonic synthesis and antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum

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Abstract

Denak (Oliveria decumbens Vent.) is an endemic aromatic plant belonging to Apiaceae family. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of denak essential oil (EO) nano-emulsions formulated by ultrasonic emulsification on Penicillium digitatum, the main causal agent of postharvest decay of citrus fruit. EO chemical compositions detected by gas chromatography demonstrated that thymol (28.5%), carvacrol (26.2%), myristicin (17.5%) and elemicin (9.9%) were the dominant components. Denak EO nano-emulsions with droplet diameter of 26.9 nm formulated by ultrasonic emulsification. Inhibition of mycelial growth was observed at EO concentrations higher than 0.5 µL mL−1. The antifungal activity of the EO increased with increasing the concentration of EO. The minimal inhibitory concentration of EO nano-emulsion was found to be 0.5 µL mL−1. These results demonstrate the potential of ultrasonication for preparing denak EO nano-emulsion which could be used as a suitable treatment to control postharvest diseases caused by P. digitatum and possibly other pathogens. This newly formulated denak EO nano-emulsion can be applied as a useful treatment for prevention of citrus losses.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the staff of Shiraz University for comprehensively supporting this study.

Funding

This research financially supported by the Research Affairs Office at Shiraz University (Grant # 97GCU1M153030).

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Conceptualization, AR; methodology, AR, MJS, MN, RM, EY; writing—original draft preparation, SR; review and editing, AR, MJS, MN, RM, EY; supervision, AR. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Asghar Ramezanian.

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Rafiee, S., Ramezanian, A., Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, R. et al. Nano-emulsion of denak (Oliveria decumbens Vent.) essential oil: ultrasonic synthesis and antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum. Food Measure 16, 324–331 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01163-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01163-7

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