Abstract
Antioxidant activity (AA), total polyphenols content (TPC) and polyphenols profile (PP) were investigated during 10 days of postharvest ripening, in peels and pulps from fruits from three Carica papaya genotypes of different origin. Wild-genotype (WG) collected in Yucatan, Mexico (part of its center of origin) showed higher AA and TPC values than the commercial-genotype (CG). Likewise, PP analysis resulted in the identification and quantification of 4 families: phenolic acids, flavanols, dihydrochalcones and flavonols in both peels and pulps, as well as lignans, that were only found in fruit peels. Interestingly, fruits from WG also had higher contents than CG, in the following specific polyphenols: in peels; 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid) and kaempferol (both absent in CG), 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside (3.8 times), quercetin 3-O-hexoside (3.5 times), 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (2.8 times), 5-O-Galloylquinic acid (2.7 times) and matairesinol (2.6 times). In pulps; 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (9.4 times), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin; 6.8 times), p-Coumaric acid 4-O-glucoside (p-coumaroyl hexoside; 2.5 times), p-Coumaroyl glycolic acid (2.5 times) and phloridzin (1.7 times). The superior capacity of wild native genotypes to accumulate more total polyphenols, to show higher antioxidant activity and to show even higher contents of some specific polyphenols known to have beneficial health effects (against chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases), might represent a good base for breeding programs aiming to obtain new varieties with superior nutraceutical properties.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
Antioxidant activity
- ABTS:
-
2,2′-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulphonic-acid
- C. papaya :
-
Carica papaya
- CG:
-
Commercial-genotype
- CrG:
-
Creole-genotype
- DPPH:
-
2,2′-Diphenyl-1-116 picrylhydrazyl
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- G:
-
Green stage
- GA:
-
Gallic acid
- GAE:
-
Gallic acid equivalents
- PP:
-
Polyphenols profile
- RP:
-
Reducing power
- TE:
-
Trolox equivalents
- TPC:
-
Total polyphenol content
- UPLC:
-
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- WG:
-
Wild-genotype
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Acknowledgements
To CONACYT for the Grant No. CB221208 given to JSF and the PhD Scholarship No. 362319 given to ACL. To Mr. José Arjona for donating the commercial fruits used in the present study. To Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE) as well as Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (DFAIT) for having awarded ACL the Emerging Leaders in the Americas Program (ELAP) scholarship. We also acknowledge the use of the lab facilities at INAF, Quebec Canada.
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AC-L, performed the experiments, wrote the first draft of the manuscript. HE-M, GFO, VM-H, CC-C, ES-D, conceived, designed the experiments, analyzed data and reviewed the manuscript. PD, YD, designed the PP experiments and contribute to the writing of the manuscript. JMS, corresponding author, general conception of the project and responsible for writing the final manuscript. All authors have read the final manuscript and approved its submission.
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Chan-León, A., Estrella-Maldonado, H., Dubé, P. et al. Determination of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of fruits from wild and creole Carica papaya genotypes in comparison to commercial papaya cultivars. Food Measure 15, 5669–5682 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01121-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01121-3