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Optimization of high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction of stinging nettle leaves using response surface methodology experimental design

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Abstract

High hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction (HPE) is a very promising extraction methodology since it can operate at room temperature and therefore can avoid heat-sensitive compounds changes. Furthermore, it is recognized as a fast technology (only a few minutes) and it is also an already proven environmentally friendly technology. This is the first work to study HPE effect as a new extraction method to obtain improved extracts from stinging nettle, a commonly known weed, traditionally used as folk medicine and with several biological properties proven scientifically. In this work, the HPE process was optimized by an experimental design via response surface methodology using a central composite face-centered design. The effect of pressure level, extraction time, and solvent concentration were evaluated, as also the impact of HPE on total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids, pigments, and antioxidant activity. Results showed that experimental data could be well fitted to second-order polynomial mathematical models, since lack-of-fit values were non-significant and the regression coefficients were above 75%. The optimal conditions for the overall maximization of extraction yield, TPC and antioxidant activity were 200 MPa, 10.2–15.6 min, and 0% ethanol (aqueous extracts), which were tested in a further experiment confirming the predictability of all models (difference by percentage between predicted and experimental optimum were all below 10%. When compared to extraction at atmospheric pressure, HPE allowed increasing the extraction yield about 50.5%; TPC about 84.4%; and antioxidant activity about 77.7%. All the models fitted well the experimental data, being the observed values close to the predicted ones by the model equation.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the University of Aveiro and FCT/MCT for the financial support for the QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE research Unit (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019 and UIDB/50006/2020) and CBQF (FCT UID/Multi/50016/2019) through national funds and, where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. Silvia A. Moreira is grateful for the financial support of this work from FCT through the Doctoral Grant SFRH/BD/110430/2015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Sílvia A. Moreira & Jorge A. Saraiva

  2. CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal

    Sílvia A. Moreira & Manuela E. Pintado

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  1. Sílvia A. Moreira
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Correspondence to Manuela E. Pintado or Jorge A. Saraiva.

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Moreira, S.A., Pintado, M.E. & Saraiva, J.A. Optimization of high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction of stinging nettle leaves using response surface methodology experimental design. Food Measure 14, 2773–2780 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00522-0

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