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Characterization of nutritionally important phytoconstituents in minimally processed ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables using HPLC–DAD and GC–MS

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Abstract

Ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetable market has been rapidly growing and offering to consumers convenient and appealing products, rich in health beneficial bioactive compounds. In the present study, the composition of carotenoids, tocopherols, and fatty acids were analyzed in seven baby-leaf vegetables using HPLC–DAD and GC–MS. Among the vegetables, the maximum amount (μg/g FW) of All-E-violaxanthin (42.77), 9′-Z-neoxanthin (22.13), All-E-lutein (69.67), All-E-β-carotene (60.18), total carotenoids (195.21), γ-tocopherol (19.68) and total tocopherol (47.68) were found in Batavian lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Acephala). In all the studied baby-leaf vegetables, α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3) was found in highest quantity (44.73–54.39 %) followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) (13.02–19.49 %), and linoleic acid (C18:2) (8.25–21.54 %). Significantly high amount polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were recorded in Batavian lettuce (74.33 %) and red Romaine (72.72 %), compared to other studied vegetables. In view of health benefits, baby-leaf vegetables contain a low amount of saturated fatty acids and high-mono and PUFA, which can enhance the health benefits of these vegetables. Carotenoids in most of these studied baby-leaf vegetables can be classified as very high. Knowledge of carotenoid, tocopherols and fatty acids composition in different baby-leaf vegetables will be useful to nutritional experts for selection of nutrient-dense plants for food fortification and proper diet recommendation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on fatty acids composition from baby-leaf vegetables.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was supported by KU research professor program of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Also, financial support from export promotion technology development program, the ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs, Republic of Korea is highly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioresource and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea

    Ramesh Kumar Saini, Xiao Min Shang, Eun Young Ko & Young-Soo Keum

  2. Postharvest Technology Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Soengnam, 463-746, Kyonggi, Korea

    Jeong Hee Choi

  3. Pulmuone Foods Co., Ltd, 80-4, Samho-ri, Daeso-myun, Eumsung-goon, Chungbuk, 367-850, Korea

    Dowoo Kim

Authors
  1. Ramesh Kumar Saini
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  2. Xiao Min Shang
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Correspondence to Ramesh Kumar Saini or Young-Soo Keum.

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Saini, R.K., Shang, X.M., Ko, E.Y. et al. Characterization of nutritionally important phytoconstituents in minimally processed ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables using HPLC–DAD and GC–MS. Food Measure 10, 341–349 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-016-9312-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-016-9312-5

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