Abstract
Most modern ethicists and ethics textbooks assert that religion holds little or no place in ethics, including fields of professional ethics like medical ethics. This assertion, of course, implicitly refers to ethical reasoning, but there is much more to the ethical life and the practice of ethics—especially professional ethics—than reasoning. It is no surprise that teachers of practical ethics, myself included, often focus on reasoning to the exclusion of other aspects of the ethical life. Especially for those with a philosophical background, reasoning is the most patent and pedagogically controllable aspect of the ethical life—and the most easily testable. And whereas there may be powerful reasons for the limitation of religion in this aspect of ethics, there are other aspects of the ethical life in which recognition of religious belief may arguably be more relevant and possibly even necessary. I divide the ethical life into three areas—personal morality, interpersonal morality, and rational morality—each of which I explore in terms of its relationship to religion, normatively characterized by the qualities of devotion, diversity, and reasoning, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aristotle. 1941. Nicomachean ethics. Translated by W.D. Ross. In The basic works of Aristotle, edited by R. Mckeon, 935–1126. New York: Random House.
Audi, R. 1995. Acting from virtue. Mind 104(415): 449–471.
Baggett, D., and J.C. Walls. 2011. Good God: The theistic foundations of morality. New York: Oxford University Press.
Baird, M. 2002. On the side of the angels: Ethics and post-Holocaust spirituality. Leuven: Peeters.
Bauman, Z. 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. London: Polity.
Beck, J. 1999. “Spiritual and moral development” and religious education. In Spirituality and curriculum, edited by A. Thatcher, 153–180. London: Cassell.
Brewer, C. 2011. Secularism needs a distinctive medical voice. British Medical Journal 343: d7658. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7658.
Cahill, L.S. 1990. Can theology have a role in “public” bioethical discourse? The Hastings Center Report 20(4): 10–14.
Callahan, D. 1973. Bioethics as a discipline. The Hastings Center Studies 1(1): 66–73.
Callahan, D. 1990. Religion and the secularization of bioethics. The Hastings Center Report 20(4): 2–4.
Campbell, C.S. 1990. Religion and moral meaning in bioethics. The Hastings Center Report 20(4): 4–10.
Crane, J.K., and S. Browning Putney. 2012. Exorcising doubts about religious bioethics. American Journal of Bioethics 12(12): 28–30.
Crockett, C. 2005. The cultural paradigm of virtue. Journal of Business Ethics 62(2): 191–208.
Curlin, F.A., R.E. Lawrence, M.H. Chin, and J.D. Lantos. 2007. Religion, conscience, and controversial clinical practices. The New England Journal of Medicine 356(6): 593–600. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa065316.
Dahl, E. 2010. Religion, reproduction, and public policy: Disentangling morality from public policy. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 21(7): 834–837.
Dahnke, M.D. 2012. Emmanuel Levinas and the face of Terri Schiavo: Bioethical and phenomenological reflections on a public spectacle and private tragedy. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 33(6): 405–420.
Dell’Oro, R. 2006. Theological anthropology and bioethics. In Health and human flourishing: Religion, medicine, ad moral anthropology, edited by C.R. Taylor and R. Dell’Oro, 13–32. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
DiStefano, V. 2006. Holism and complementary medicine: Origins and principles. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Driver, J. 2001. Uneasy virtue. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Dyer, A.R. 2011. The need for a new “new medical model”: A bio-psychosocial-spiritual model. Southern Medical Journal 104(4): 297–298.
Engelhardt Jr., H.T. 2012. Christian bioethics in a post-Christian world: Facing the challenges. Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality 18(1): 93–114.
Foot, P. 2002. Virtues and vices: And other essays in moral philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Foucault, M. 1994. The birth of the clinic: An archaeology of medical perception. Translated by A.M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Vintage Books.
Frankena, W. 1986. The relations of morality and religion. In A new dictionary of Christian ethics, edited by J. McQuarrie and J.F. Childress, 400–403. London: SCM.
Herrell, H.E. 2011. The role of spirituality in Hippocratic medicine. Southern Medical Journal 104(4): 289–291.
Hooker, B. 2000. Ideal code, real world. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hurka, T. 2001. Virtue, vice, and value. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hursthouse, R. 1991. Virtue theory and abortion. Philosophy and Public Affairs 20(3): 223–246.
Illich, I. 2013. Limits to medicine: Medical nemesis: The expropriation of health. London and New York: Marion Boyars.
Jakobovits, I. 1975. Jewish medical ethics: A comparative and historical study of the Jewish religious attitude to medicine and its practice. New York: Bloch Publishing.
Lammers, S.E. 1996. The marginalization of religious voices in bioethics. In Religion and medical ethics: Looking back, looking forward, edited by A. Verhey, 19–43. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Levinas, E. 1998. Entre-nous: On-thinking-of-the-other. Translated by M.B. Smith and B. Harshav. New York: Columbia University Press.
MacIntyre, A.C. 2007. After virtue: A study in moral theory. Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press.
May, T., and M.P. Aulisio. 2009. Personal morality and professional obligations: Rights of conscience and informed consent. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 52(1): 30–38.
May, W.E. 2013. Catholic bioethics and the gift of human life. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor.
May, W.F. 2000. The physician’s covenant. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
Meeks, W. 1993. The origins of Christian morality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Messikomer, C.M., R.C. Fox, and J.P. Swazey. 2001. The presence and influence of religion in American bioethics. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44(4): 485–508.
Midgley, M. 2002. Beast and man: The roots of human nature. New York: Routledge.
Miller, J.E. 2012. Irreligious bioethics, nonsense on stilts? The American Journal of Bioethics 12(12): 15–17.
Murdoch, I. 1971. The sovereignty of the good. New York: Routledge.
Murphy, T.M. 2012a. In defense of irreligious bioethics. The American Journal of Bioethics 12(12): 3–10.
Murphy, T.M. 2012b. The more irreligion in bioethics the better: Reply to open peer commentaries on “In defense of irreligious bioethics.” The American Journal of Bioethics 12(12): w1–w5.
Orr, R.D. 2009. Medical ethics and the faith factor: A handbook for clergy and health-care professionals. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Parker, J.C. 2012. Irreligious bioethics: Benefits and burdens. The American Journal of Bioethics 12(12): 20–22.
Pellegrino, E.D. 2000. Bioethics at century’s turn: Can normative ethics be retrieved? The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 25(6): 655–675.
Pellegrino, E.D. 2002. The physician’s conscience, conscience clauses, and religious belief: A Catholic perspective. Fordham Urban Law Journal 20(1): 221–244.
Pellegrino, E.D., and D.C. Thomasma. 1996. The Christian virtues in medical practice. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Pellegrino, E.D., and D.C. Thomasma. 1997. Helping and healing: Religious commitment in health care. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Pembroke, N.F. 2008. Appropriate spiritual care by physicians: A theological perspective. Journal of Religion and Health 47(4): 549–559.
Pincoffs, E. 1971. Quandary ethics. Mind 80(320): 552–571.
Potter, V.R. 1971. Bioethics: Bridge to the future. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Potter, V.R. 1988. Global bioethics: Building on the Leopold legacy. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
Robinson, S. 2008. Spirituality, ethics and care. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Rorty, R. 1989. Contingency, irony, and solidarity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Rorty, R. 1990. Objectivity, relativism, and truth: Philosophical papers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Spike, J.P., T.R. Cole, and R. Buday. 2011. The Brewsters: An interactive adventure in ethics for the health professions. Houston, TX: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Stempsey, W.E. 2012. Bioethics needs religion. The American Journal of Bioethics 12(12): 17–18.
Stout, J. 1988. Ethics after Babel: The languages of morals and their discontents. Boston: Beacon Press.
Sulmasy, D.P. 2006. The rebirth of the clinic: An introduction to spirituality in health care. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Thomasma, D.C., and E.H. Loewy. 1996. Exploring the role of religion in medical ethics. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 5(2): 257–268.
Turner, L. 2003. Bioethics and religions: Religious traditions and understandings of morality, health, and illness. Health Care Analysis 11(3): 181–197.
Verhey, A., and S.E. Lammers, eds. 1993. Theological voices in medical ethics. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Wind, J.P. 1990. What can religion offer bioethics? The Hastings Center Report 20(4): 18–20.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dahnke, M.D. Devotion, Diversity, and Reasoning: Religion and Medical Ethics. Bioethical Inquiry 12, 709–722 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-015-9658-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-015-9658-0