Abstract
An investigation was designed to research the effect of molybdenum (Mo) content on the microstructure and properties of novel ferritic stainless steel (FSS) fabricated by laser melting deposition (LMD). In this study, the stainless steel specimens with different Mo content were manufactured using LMD and the microstructures, the microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the as-deposited specimens were evaluated. Experimental results demonstrated that the phase composition of the specimens had no change and consisted of α-Fe and carbide M7C3 phase. The typical dendrite and interdendrite structures were observed, and the grains are obviously refined with the increase of Mo element. The microhardness value of as-deposited specimens increased from 643 to 803 HV, and the specific wear rate was reduced from 1.14 × 10−5 to 5.90 × 10−6 mm3/Nm, correspondingly one order of magnitude reduction, which verified that the wear resistance was obviously improved. The corrosion current density of FSS-Mo is two orders of magnitude lower than that of FSS, and it shows better impedance parameters, indicating that the addition of Mo can effectively improve the electrochemical corrosion performance of materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. Sridharan, M.N. Gussev, and K.G. Field, Performance of a Ferritic/Martensitic Steel for Nuclear Reactor Applications Fabricated Using Additive Manufacturing, J. Nucl. Mater., 2019, 521, p 45-55.
B. AlMangour and J.M. Yang, Improving the Surface Quality and Mechanical Properties by Shot-Peening of 17–4 Stainless Steel Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing, Mater. Des., 2016, 110, p 914-924.
B. AlMangour and J.M. Yang, Understanding the Deformation Behavior of 17–4 Precipitate Hardenable Stainless Steel Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Using Micropillar Compression and TEM, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2017, 90, p 119-126.
A. Sova, M. Doubenskaia, E. Trofimov, and M. Samodurova, Deposition of High-Entropy Alloy Coating by Cold Spray Combined with Laser Melting: Feasibility Tests, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2022, 31, p 1112-1128.
M. Ghaffari, A.V. Nemani, and A. Nasiri, Interfacial Bonding Between a Wire Arc Additive Manufactured 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel Part and its Wrought Base Plate, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2020, 251, 123199.
H.Z. Zhong, Z.Y. Liu, and J.F. Gu, The Vertical and Triangular Morphology in the As-Deposited Ti-6A1-4V, Mater. Charact., 2017, 131, p 91-97.
H. Zhao, Y. Ding, J.H. Li, G. Wei, and M.Y. Zhang, Corrosion Resistance of Laser Melting Deposited Cu-Bearing 316L Stainless Steel Coating in 0.5 M H2SO4 Solution, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2022, 291, p 126572.
J.M. Shi, L.X. Zhang, H. Liu, Z. Sun, and J.C. Feng, Reliable Brazing of SiBCN Ceramic and TC4 Alloy Using AgCuTi Filler with the Assist of Laser Melting Deposited FGM Layers, J. Mater. Sci., 2019, 54, p 2766-2778.
Z. Liu, Z.X. Qin, F. Liu, X. Lu, and H.M. Wang, The Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviors of the Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si Alloy Produced by Laser Melting Deposition, Mater. Charact., 2014, 97, p 132-139.
D.N. Luu, W. Zhou, S.M.L. Nai, and Y.J. Yang, Mitigation of Solute Segregation During Solutionization of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718 Through Micron-TiC Addition, J. Alloy. Compd., 2022, 897, 163224.
C.L. Ma, D.D. Gu, D.H. Dai, M.J. Xia, and H.Y. Chen, Selective Growth of Ni4Ti3 Precipitate Variants Induced by Complicated Cyclic Stress During Laser Additive Manufacturing of NiTi-Based Composites, Mater. Charact., 2018, 143, p 191-196.
Y. Tian, N. Chekir, X. Wang, A. Nommeots-Nomm, R. Gauvin, and M. Brochu, Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure Evolution and Grain Morphology of Alloy 625 with 0.4 wt% Boron Modification Fabricated by Laser Wire Deposition, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 764, p 815-823.
Y.J. Kang, S.S. Yang, Y.K. Kim, B. AlMangour, and K.A. Lee, Effect of Post-Treatment on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Alloy, Corros. Sci., 2019, 158, 108082.
D. Karlsson, C.Y. Chou, D. Karlsson, T. Helander, P. Harlin, M. Sahlberg, G. Lindwall, J. Odqvist, and U. Jansson, Additive Manufacturing of the Ferritic Stainless Steel, Addit. Manuf., 2021, 36, p 101580.
X. Cui, S. Zhang, C. Wang, C.H. Zhang, J. Chen, and J.B. Zhang, Effects of Stress-Relief Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Fatigue Property of a Laser Additive Manufactured 12CrNi2 Low Alloy Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2020, 791, 139738.
M.M. Ma, Z.M. Wang, and X.Y. Zeng, A Comparison on Metallurgical Behaviors of 316L Stainless Steel by Selective Laser Melting and Laser Cladding Deposition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 685, p 265-273.
J.B. Lei, J.C. Xie, S.F. Zhou, H.Y. Song, X.L. Song, and X.Y. Zhou, Comparative Study on Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of 316 Stainless Steel Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition with Ring-Shaped Beam and Gaussian Beam, Opt. Laser Technol., 2019, 111, p 271-283.
L. Song, G. Zeng, and H. Xiao, Repair of 304 Stainless Steel by Laser Cladding with 316L Stainless Steel Powders Followed by Laser Surface Alloying with WC Powders, J. Manuf. Process., 2016, 24, p 116-124.
S. Wang, S. Zhang, C.H. Zhang, C.L. Wu, J. Chen, and M.B. Shahzad, Effect of Cr3C2 Content on 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Melting Deposition, Vacuum, 2018, 147, p 92-98.
D. Fan, H.T. Liu, and J.B. Zhang, Research of Laser Cladding FeNiCrAl Coating on 304 Stainless Steel, Appl. Laser, 2010, 30, p 304-309.
H. Zhang, C.H. Zhang, Q. Wang, C.L. Wu, S. Zhang, J. Chen, and A.O. Abdullahc, Effect of Ni Content on Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Melting Deposition, Opt. Laser Technol., 2018, 101, p 92-98.
C.L. Wu, S. Zhang, C.H. Zhang, M. Guan, and J.Z. Tan, Phase Evolution of FeCoCrAlCuNiMox Coatings by Laser High-Entropy Alloying on Stainless Steels, Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52, p 797-803.
J. Kacher, C. Landon, B.L. Adams, and D. Fullwood, Bragg’s Law Diffraction Simulations for Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis, Ultramicroscopy, 2009, 109, p 1148-1156.
X. Wang, C.H. Zhang, X. Cui, S. Zhang, J. Chen, and J.B. Zhang, Novel Gradient Alloy Steel with Quasi-Continuous Ratios Fabricated by SLM: Material Microstructure and Wear Mechanism, Mater. Charact., 2021, 174, 111020.
S. Li, Q.W. Hu, X.Y. Zeng, and S.Q. Ji, Effect of Carbon Content on the Microstructure and the Cracking Susceptibility of Fe-Based Laser-Clad Layer, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2005, 240, p 63-70.
C. Ran, Microstructure and Properties of Heat Treated 1Cr17Ni4MoB Steel Fabricated by Laser Melting Deposition, Opt. Laser Technol., 2018, 108, p 59-68.
X. Wang, C.H. Zhang, F.Q. Zhou, S. Zhang, J. Chen, and J.B. Zhang, Novel Gradient Alloy Steel with Quasi-Continuous Ratios Fabricated by SLM: Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior, Steel Res. Int., 2021, 92, p 2100232.
P.F. Jiang, C.H. Zhang, C.L. Wu, S. Zhang, J.B. Zhang, and A.O. Abdullah, Microstructure and Properties of CeO2-Modified FeCoCrAlNiTi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings by Laser Surface Alloying, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2021, 29, p 1346-1355.
P.F. Jiang, C.H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J.B. Zhang, J. Chen, and H.T. Chen, Additive Manufacturing of Novel Ferritic Stainless Steel by Selective Laser Melting: Role of Laser Scanning Speed on the Formability, Microstructure and Properties, Opt. Laser Technol., 2021, 140, 107055.
M.A. Amin, K.F. Khaled, and S.A. Fadl-Allah, Testing Validity of the Tafel Extrapolation Method for Monitoring Corrosion of Cold Rolled Steel in HCl Solutions-Experimental and Theoretical Studies, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, p 140-151.
S.Y. Mushnikova, M.V. Kostinab, C.A. Andreevc, and L.T. Zhekova, Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Chromium-Nitrogen Steels with an Overequilibrium Nitrogen Content, Russ. Metall., 2009, 2009, p 36-41.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge to the financial support for this research from National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB1100204), Key Research Project from Shenyang Science and Technology Funded Project (Nos. 22-101-0-16, 19-109-1-03).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, H.F., Zhang, S., Wu, C.L. et al. Microstructural Evolution and Properties of Novel Ferritic Stainless Steel–Mox Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition. J Therm Spray Tech 32, 2236–2249 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-023-01616-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-023-01616-z