Abstract
The cold-spray technique is of significant interest to deposit refractory metals with relatively high melting point for a variety of demanding applications. In the present study, mechanical properties of cold-sprayed tantalum coatings heat treated at different temperatures were investigated using microtensile testing, scratch testing, and nanoindentation. The corrosion performance of heat-treated coatings was also evaluated in 1 M KOH solution, and potentiodynamic polarization as well as impedance spectroscopy studies were carried out. Assessment of structure–property correlations was attempted based on microstructure, porosity, and intersplat bonding state, together with mechanical and corrosion properties of the heat-treated cold-sprayed tantalum coatings. Coatings annealed at 1500 °C, which is very close to the recrystallization temperature of tantalum, were found to perform almost as bulk tantalum, with exciting implications for various applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
MatWeb: Online Materials Information Resource (http://www.matweb.com/).
References
J. Yao, L. Yang, B. Li, and Z. Li, Beneficial Effects of Laser Irradiation on the Deposition Process of Diamond/Ni60 Composite Coating with Cold Spray, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 330, p 300
N. Kaur, M. Kumar, S.K. Sharma, D.Y. Kim, S. Kumar, N.M. Chavan, S.V. Joshi, N. Singh, and H. Singh, Study of Mechanical Properties and High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a Novel Cold Spray Ni-20Cr Coating on Boiler Steels, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 328, p 13
S.S. Kalsi, T.S. Sidhu, H. Singh, and J. Karthikeyan, Analysis of Material Degradation for Uncoated and NiCoCrAlY Cold Spray Coated Superfer 800 H in the Secondary Chamber of Medical Waste Incinerator, Eng. Fail. Anal., 2014, 46, p 238
H.J. Kim, C. Lee, and S.Y. Hwang, Superhard Nano WC-12%Co Coating by Cold Spray Deposition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 31(1), p 244
S.W. Dean, J.K. Potter, R.A. Yetter, T.J. Eden, V. Champagne, and M. Trexler, Energetic Intermetallic Materials Formed by Cold Spray, Intermetallics, 2013, 43, p 121
H. Assadi, F. Gartner, T. Stoltenhoff, and H. Kreye, Bonding Mechanism in Cold Spraying, Acta Mater., 2003, 51(15), p 4379
G. Bae, Y. Xiong, S. Kumar, K. Kang, and C. Lee, General Aspects of Interface Bonding in Kinetic Sprayed Coatings, Acta Mater., 2008, 56(17), p 4858
F. Gärtner, T. Stoltenhoff, J. Voyer, H. Kreye, S. Riekehr, and M. Koçak, Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed and Thermally Sprayed Copper Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 6770
R. Morgan, P. Fox, J. Pattison, C. Sutcliffe, and W. O’Neill, Analysis of Cold Gas Dynamically Sprayed Aluminum Deposits, Mater. Lett., 2004, 58, p 1317
C.J. Li and W.Y. Li, Deposition Characteristics of Titanium Coating in Cold Spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, 167, p 278
S.H. Zahiri, C.I. Antonio, and M. Jahedi, Elimination of Porosity in Directly Fabricated Titanium via Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209(2), p 922
T.V. Steenkiste and D.W. Gorkiewicz, Analysis of Tantalum Coatings Produced by the Kinetic Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2004, 13(2), p 265
C.K.S. Moy, J. Cairney, G. Ranzi, M. Jahedi, and S.P. Ringer, Investigating the Microstructure and Composition of Cold Gas-Dynamic Spray (CGDS) Ti Powder Deposited on Al 6063 Substrate, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 204, p 3739
R.R. Chromik, D. Goldbaum, J.M. Shockley, S. Yue, E. Irissou, J.G. Legoux, and N.X. Randall, Modified Ball Bond Shear Test for Determination of Adhesion Strength of Cold Spray Splats, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205, p 1409
J. Wu, H. Fang, H. Kim, and C. Lee, High Speed Impact Behavior of Al Alloy Particle onto Mild Steel Substrate during Kinetic Deposition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 417, p 114
J. Wu, J. Yang, H. Fang, S. Yoon, and C. Lee, The Bond Strength of Al-Si Coating on Mild Steel by Kinetic Spraying Deposition, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, 252, p 7809
L. Ajdelsztajn, A. Zúñiga, B. Jodoin, and E.J. Lavernia, Cold Spray Processing of a Nanocrystalline Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni Alloy with Sc, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(2), p 184
L. Zhao, K. Bobzin, D. He, J. Zwick, F. Ernst, and E. Lugscheider, Deposition of Aluminum Alloy Al12Si by Cold Spraying, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2006, 8(4), p 264
X.J. Ning, J.H. Kim, H.J. Kim, and C. Lee, Characteristics and Heat Treatment of Cold Sprayed Al-Sn Binary Alloy Coatings, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, 255, p 3933
K. Spencer, D.M. Fabijanic, and M.X. Zhang, The Use of Al-Al2O3 Cold Spray Coatings to Improve the Surface Properties of Magnesium Alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, 204, p 336
X. Guo, G. Zhang, W. Li, Y. Gao, H. Liao, and C. Coddet, Investigation of the Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Cold-Sprayed Tin-Bronze Based Composite Coatings, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, 255, p 3822
H.J. Kim, C. Lee, and S.Y. Hwang, Superhard Nano WC-12%Co Coating by Cold Spray Deposition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, 391, p 243
H. Koivuluoto, G. Bolelli, L. Lusvarghi, F. Casadei, and P. Vuoristo, Corrosion Resistance of Cold Sprayed Ta Coatings in Very Aggressive Conditions, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205, p 1103-1107
H. Koivuluoto, J. Näkki, and P. Vuoristo, Corrosion Properties of Cold Sprayed Tantalum Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2009, 18(1), p 75-82
A. Robin and J.L. Rosa, Corrosion Behavior of Niobium, Tantalum and Their Alloys in Hot Hydrochloric and Phosphoric Acid Solutions, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2000, 18, p 13-21
R. Chandrasekharan, I. Park, R.I. Masel, and M.A. Shannon, Thermal Oxidation of Tantalum Films at Various Oxidation States from 300 to 700 °C, J. Appl. Phys., 2005, 98, p 114908
H. Koivuluoto, M. Honkanen, and P. Vuoristo, Cold Sprayed Copper and Tantalum Coatings—Detailed FESEM and TEM Analysis, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 204, p 2353
G. Bolelli, B. Bonferroni, H. Koivuluoto, L. Lusvarghi, and P. Vuoristo, Depth-Sensing Indentation for Assessing the Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed Ta, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205, p 2209
T. Stoltenhoff, C. Borchers, F. Gartner, and H. Kreye, Microstructures and Key Properties of Cold Sprayed and Thermally Sprayed Copper Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 4947-4960
P.S. Phani, D.S. Rao, S.V. Joshi, and G. Sundararajan, Effect of Process Parameters and Heat Treatments on Properties of Cold Sprayed Copper Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(3), p 425
G. Sundararajan, P.S. Phani, A. Jyothirmayi, and R.C. Gundakaram, The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructural, Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Cold Sprayed SS 316L Coatings, J. Mater. Sci., 2009, 44, p 2320
P.S. Phani, V. Vishnukanthan, and G. Sundararajan, Effect of Heat Treatment on Properties of Cold Sprayed Nanocrystalline Copper Alumina Coatings, Acta Mater., 2007, 55, p 4741
A.C. Hall, D.J. Cook, R.A. Neiser, T.J. Roemer, and D.A. Hirschfeld, The Effect of a Simple Annealing Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Cold Sprayed Aluminum, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(2), p 233
G. Sundararajan, N.M. Chavan, G. Sivakumar, and P.S. Phani, Evaluation of Parameters for Assessment of Inter-Splat Bond Strength in Cold-Sprayed Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2010, 19(6), p 2010
F. Gartner, T. Stoltenhoff, J. Voyer, H. Kreye, S. Riekehr, and M. Kocak, Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed and Thermally Sprayed Copper Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 6770
N.M. Chavan, B. Kiran, A. Jyothirmayi, P.S. Phani, and G. Sundararajan, The Corrosion Behavior of Cold Sprayed Zinc Coatings on Mild Steel Substrate, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2013, 22(4), p 463
N.M. Chavan, M. Ramakrishna, P.S. Phani, D.S. Rao, and G. Sundararajan, The Influence of Process Parameters and Heat Treatment on the Properties of Cold Sprayed Silver Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, 205, p 4798-4807
G. Sundararajan, N.M. Chavan, and S. Kumar, The Elastic Modulus of Cold Spray Coatings: Influence of Inter-splat Boundary Cracking, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2013, 22(8), p 1348
Y. Xiong, G. Bae, X. Xiong, and C. Lee, The Effects of Successive Impacts and Cold Welds on the Deposition Onset of Cold Spray Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2010, 19(3), p 575
V.K. Champagne, D.J. Helfritch, M.D. Trexler, and B.M. Gabrial, The Effect of Cold Spray Impact Velocity on Deposit Hardness, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, 18, p 065011
X. Meng, J. Zhang, J. Zhao, W. Han, Y. Liang, and Y. Liang, Influence of Annealing Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Cold Sprayed Stainless Steel Coatings, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 2011, 24(2), p 99-100
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge support from Dr. Nitin Wasekar for carrying out microtensile experiments and Dr. G. Ravi Chandra for nanoindentation facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 6th Asian Thermal Spray Conference (ATSC 2014) and has been expanded from the original presentation. ATSC 2014 was held in Hyderabad, India, November 24-26, 2014, and was organized by the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) and the Asian Thermal Spray Society.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, S., Vidyasagar, V., Jyothirmayi, A. et al. Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Performance of Cold-Sprayed Tantalum Coatings. J Therm Spray Tech 25, 745–756 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-016-0388-6
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-016-0388-6