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Effect of Grain Size and Dislocation Density on the Work Hardening Behavior of SS 304

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Abstract

In the present investigation, grain size and dislocation density in SS 304 metastable austenitic stainless steel were varied by annealing the as-received steel at 1025 °C for 120 and 360 min. Effect of dislocation density and grain size on the work hardening behavior, evolution of deformation-induced martensite, and kinetics of deformation-induced transformation has been systematically studied with x-ray diffraction and microscopic examination of steels when subjected to the interrupted tensile deformation. As-rolled stainless steels exhibited rapid work hardening at low strains due to high initial dislocation density, while annealed steel rapidly work-hardened at higher strains due to the formation of large fraction of deformation-induced martensite and generation of large number of geometrically necessary dislocations. Differences in the initial dislocation density influenced the rate of deformation-induced transformation. Further, in this study, from first principles, it has been found that due to relatively high apparent stacking fault energy, in as-rolled fine grain stainless steels, deformation of austenite primarily takes place with the formation of twins. In contrast, annealed coarse-grained stainless steels with low apparent stacking fault energy, deformation-induced transformation of austenite into \(\epsilon \)-martensite is the dominant deformation path, rendering annealed steel to undergo deformation-induced transformation rapidly as compared to the as-received stainless steel.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, Link Road No. 3, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India

    Ashish Jain & A. Varshney

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Jain, A., Varshney, A. Effect of Grain Size and Dislocation Density on the Work Hardening Behavior of SS 304. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09358-x

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