Abstract
The effects of different deformation modes on texture evolutions and mechanical behavior of as-extruded AZ31 alloy during compression in different directions at room temperature (RT) have been investigated by experiments and visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) modeling. According to the results, the relative activities of different deformation modes can fully demonstrate the general characteristics of flow curves and texture evolution. Despite a similar pattern between the relative activity of basal <a> slip and \(\{10\overline{1}2\}\) extension twinning during compression along 45° to the extrusion direction (45ED) and perpendicular to the extrusion direction (PED), pyramidal <c + a> slip has a more pronounced activity in PED, resulting in higher flow stress in PED than 45ED. Grains whose c-axis is perpendicular to loading direction (LD) cannot be reoriented, when the CRSS value was set high enough to prevent \(\{10\overline{1}2\}\) extension twinning. The \(\{10\overline{1}2\}\) extension twinning has a great influence on texture evolution and mechanical behavior. On the contrary, the \(\{10\overline{1}1\}\) contraction twinning has a negligible influence on texture evolution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Arul Kumar, I.J. Beyerlein, and C.N. Tomé, A measure of Plastic Anisotropy for Hexagonal Close Packed Metals: Application to Alloying Effects on the Formability of Mg, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 695, p 1488–1497.
J. Zhang, S. Liu, and R. Wu, Recent Developments in High-Strength Mg-RE-Based Alloys: Focusing on Mg-Gd and Mg-Y Systems, J. Magnes Alloy, 2018, 6, p 277–291.
A. Imandoust, C.D. Barrett, T. Al-Samman, K.A. Inal, and H. El Kadiri, A Review on the Effect of Rare-Earth Elements on Texture Evolution during Processing of Magnesium Alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 2017, 52(1), p 1–29.
X. Zhou, Q. Liu, R. Liu, and H. Zhou, Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-1Y Alloy Subjected to Different Rolling Processes, Met. Mater. Int., 2018, 24, p 1–10.
H. Pan, R. Kang, and J. Li, Mechanistic Investigation of a Low-Alloy Mg-Ca-Based Extrusion Alloy with High Strength–Ductility Synergy, Acta Mater., 2020, 186, p 278–290.
Y. Chai, Y. Song, B. Jiang, and J. Fu, Comparison of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Composite Extruded AZ31 Sheets, J. Magnes Alloy., 2019, 7(4), p 545–554.
B. Selvarajou, S.P. Joshi, and A.A. Benzerga, Three Dimensional Simulations of Texture and Triaxiality Effects on the Plasticity of Magnesium Alloys, Acta Mater., 2017, 127, p 54–72.
X. Zhou, R. Liu, Q. Liu, and H. Zhou, Effect of Asymmetric Rolling on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Texture Evolution of Mg-8Li-3Al-1Y Alloy, Met. Mater. Int., 2019, 25, p 1301–1311.
N.V. Dudamell, I. Ulacia, and F. Galvez, Twinning and Grain Subdivision During Dynamic Deformation of a Mg AZ31 Sheet Alloy at Room Temperature, Acta Mater., 2011, 59(18), p 6949–6962.
L. Wu, S.R. Agnew, and Y. Ren, The Effects of Texture and Extension Twinning on the Low-Cycle Fatigue behavior of a Rolled Magnesium Alloy, AZ31B, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527(26), p 7057–7067.
X.Z. Lin and D.L. Chen, Strain Controlled Cyclic Deformation behavior of An Extruded Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 496(1–2), p 106–113.
J.B. Lin, Q.D. Wang, L.M. Peng, and T. Peng, Effect of the Cyclic Extrusion and Compression Processing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-extruded ZK60 Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Trans., 2008, 49, p 1021–1024.
S.R. Agnew, P. Mehrotra, T.M. Lillo, G.M. Stoica, and P.K. Liaw, Texture Evolution of five Wrought Magnesium Alloys during Route A Equal Channel Angular Extrusion: Experiments and Simulations, Acta Mater., 2005, 53(11), p 3135–3146.
S. Yi, J. Bholen, F. Heinemann, and D. Letzig, Mechanical Anisotropy and Deep Drawing Behaviour of AZ31 and ZE10 Magnesium Alloy Sheets, Acta Mater., 2010, 58(2), p 592–605.
Z.R. Zeng, M.Z. Bian, S.W. Xu, C.H.J. Davies, N. Birbilis, and J.F. Nie, Texture Evolution during Cold Rolling of Dilute Mg Alloys, Scr. Mater, 2015, 108, p 6–10.
J.B. Lin, W.J. Ren, and X.Y. Wang, Tension–Compression Asymmetry in Yield Strength and Hardening Behaviour of as-Extruded AZ31 Alloy, Mater. Sci. Technol. Lond, 2016, 32(18), p 1855–1860.
J. Jain, W.J. Poole, and C.W. Sinclair, Reducing the Tension–Compression Yield Asymmetry in a Mg-8Al-05 Zn Alloy Via Precipitation, Scr. Mater., 2010, 62(5), p 301–304.
S. Kurukuri and M.J. Worswick, Rate Sensitivity and Tension–Compression Asymmetry in AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet, Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A, 2015, 372, p 20130216.
J. Sun, Z. Yang, and H. Liu, Tension-Compression Asymmetry of the AZ91 Magnesium Alloy with Multi-Heterogenous Microstructure, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2019, 759, p 703–707.
D. Steglich et al., Biaxial Deformation Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy: Crystal-Plasticity-Based Prediction and Experimental Validation, Int. J. Solids Struct., 2012, 49(25), p 3551–3561.
R.A. Lebensohn, and C.N. Tomé, A Self-Consistent Anisotropic Approach for the Simulation of Plastic Deformation and Texture Development of Polycrystals: Application to Zirconium Alloys, Acta Metall. Mater., 1993, 41, p 2611–2624.
F. Kabirian, and A.S. Khan, Visco-Plastic Modeling of Mechanical Responses and Texture Evolution in Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy for Various Loading Conditions, Int. J. Plast., 2015, 68, p 1–20.
Q. Chen, L. Hu, and L. Shi, Assessment in Predictability of Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent Model with a Minimum Parameter Approach: Numerical Investigation of Plastic Deformation Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy for Various Loading Conditions, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2020, 774, p 138–912.
N. Chandola, R.K. Mishra, and O. Cazacu, Application of the VPSC Model to the Description of the Flow Response and Texture Evolution in AZ31 Mg for Various Strain Paths, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2015, 137(4), p 041007.
J.Y. Yao, B.S. Wang, and L.P. Deng et al., Simulation of Texture Evolution and Deformation Mechanism in Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy during Uniaxial Compression, Sci. China. Technol. Sc., 2015, 58, p 2052–2059.
A. Molinair, G.R. Canova, and S. Ahzi, A Self-Consistent Approach of the Large Deformation Polycrystal Viscoplasticity, Acta Metall., 1987, 35, p 2983–2994.
R.A. Lebensohn, and C.N. Tome, A Self-Consistent Anisotropic Approach for the Simulation of Plastic Deformation and Texture Development of Polycrystals: Application to Zirconium Alloys, Acta Metall., 1993, 41, p 2611–2624.
R.A. Lebensohn, and C.N. Tome, A Self-Consistent Viscoplastic Model-Prediction of Rolling Textures of Anisotropic Polycrystals, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1994, 175, p 71–82.
E. Kroner, On the Plastic Deformation of Polycrystals, Acta Metall., 1961, 9, p 155–161.
J.W. Hutchinson, Bounds and Self-Consistent Estimates for Creep of Polycrystalline Materials, Proc. Roryal Soc. A Math. Phy. Sci., 1976, 348(1652), p 101–127.
R.A. Lebensohn, A.P. Turner, J.W. Signorelli, G.R. Canova, and C.N. Tome, Calculation of Intergranular Stresses based on a Large Strain Visco-Plastic Selfconsistent Model, Modelling Simul, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1998, 39(6), p 447–465.
C.N. Tome, R.A. Lebensohn, and U.F. Kocks, A Model for Texture Development Dominated by Deformation Twinning: Application to Zirconium Alloys, Acta Metull. Muter., 1991, 39, p 2667–2680.
S.R. Agnew and O. Duygulu, Plastic Anisotropy and the role of Non-Basal Slip in Magnesium Alloy AZ31B, Int. J. Plast., 2005, 21(6), p 1161–1193.
S.R. Agnew, M.H. Yoo, and C.N. Tome, Application of Texture Simulation to Understanding Mechanical Behavior of Mg and Solid Solution Alloys Containing Li or Y, Acta Mater., 2001, 49(20), p 4277–4289.
J.B. Lin, Q.D. Wang, L.M. Peng, and H.J. Roven, Study on Deformation Behavior and Strain Homogeneity during Cyclic Extrusion and Compression, J. Mater. Sci., 2008, 43(21), p 6920–6924.
A. Fernández, A. Jérusalem, I. Gutiérrez-Urrutia et al., Three-Dimensional Investigation of Grain Boundary–Twin Interactions in a Mg AZ31 alloy by Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Continuum Modeling, Acta Mater., 2013, 61, p 7679–7692.
J.W. Christian and S. Mahajan, Deformation Twinning, Prog. Mater. Sci., 1995, 39, p 1–157.
X. Li, P. Yang, L.N. Wang, L. Meng, and F. Cui, Orientational Analysis of Static Recrystallization at Compression Twins in a Mg Alloy AZ31, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 517(1), p 160–169.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (201901D11126), The “TSTAP” of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (2020CG046), The “CSREP” of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (2019KJ027), The National Nature Science Foundation of China (51574171), The Graduate Education Innovation Project in Shanxi (2021Y707), and The Graduate Education Innovation Project in Shanxi (2021Y668).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, C., Lin, J., Mu, W. et al. Effects of Different Deformation Modes on Texture Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of As-Extruded AZ31 Alloy under Compression along Different Directions. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 32, 1737–1746 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07236-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07236-y