Abstract
In the research field of pure electroplastic effect, uniaxial tensile tests of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were carried out. By changing the position of the electrode, the pulse current with different angles was applied to the stretched specimen, to verify whether the angle between the current direction and the load direction affected the flow stress of the metal. The results show that as the angle between the current and the load direction increases, the stress drop of the material decreases, when the angle increases to 90°, the stress drop of the material was almost 0 MPa. Based on the experimental data, a variable describing the current direction was introduced to the JC model, and a constitutive equation considering the current direction for Ti-6Al-4V under the condition of pulsed current and room temperature was constructed. The verification results showed that the prediction accuracy of this constitutive equation was satisfactory. The influence mechanism of current density and direction on material flow stress was further analyzed by means of HRTEM, the smaller the angle between the current and the load direction, the higher the mobility of atoms at the grain boundaries of the material, and the phenomenon of dislocation packing is alleviated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability and Materials
All the data presented and/or analyzed in this study are available upon request to the corresponding author.
References
O.A. Troitskii and V.I. Likhfan, The Anisotropy of the Action of Electron and Gamma Radiation on the Deformation of Zinc Single Crystals in the Brittle State, Soviet Phys., 1963, 148, p 332–334.
V.V. Stolyarov, Electroplastic Effect in Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Alloys, Mater. Sci. Tech., 2015, 31(13), p 1536–1540.
T.A. Perkins, T.J. Kronenberger, and J.T. Roth, Metallic Forging Using Electrical Flow as an Alternative to Warm/Hot Working, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2007, 129(1), p 84–94.
H. Xie, Q. Wang, K. Liu, F. Peng, X. Dong, and J. Wang, Investigation of Influence of Direct-Current Pulses on Springback During V-Bending of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2015, 219, p 321–327.
J. Yang, G. Wang, T. Zhao, Y. Li, and Q. Liu, Study on the Experiment and Simulation of Titanium Alloy Bellows via Current-Assisted Forming Technology, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2018, 70(7), p 1118–1123.
C. Li, S. Jiang, and K. Zhang, Pulse Current-Assisted Hot-Forming of Light Metal Alloy, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2012, 63(9–12), p 931–938.
H. Guo, P. Liu, X. Qiu, Y. Song, D. Qian, L. Xie, L. Wang, L. Zhang, and L. Hua, Electroshock Treatment Dependent Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Near-Β Titanium Alloy Manufactured by Directed Energy Deposition, Mater. Des., 2021, 212, p 110286.
C. Liu, L. Xie, D. Qian, L. Hua, L. Wang, and L. Zhang, Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Property Response of TC11 Titanium Alloy Under Electroshock Treatment, Mater. Des., 2021, 198, p 109322.
D. Ao, X. Chu, Y. Yang, S. Lin, and J. Gao, Effect of Electropulsing on Springback During V-Bending of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Sheet, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2018, 96(9–12), p 3197–3207.
R. Fan, J. Magargee, P. Hu, and J. Cao, Influence of Grain Size and Grain Boundaries on the Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of 70/30 Brass Under Electrically-Assisted Deformation, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 574, p 218–225.
A.F. Sprecher, S.L. Mannan, and H. Conrad, On the Mechanisms for the Electroplastic Effect in Metals, Acta Metall., 1986, 34(7), p 1145–1162.
T.J. Kronenberger, D.H. Johnson, and J.T. Roth, Coupled Multifield Finite Element Analysis Model of Upsetting Under an Applied Direct Current, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2009, 131(3), p 031003.
K. Liu, X. Dong, H. Xie, H. Xie, and F. Peng, Effect of Pulsed Current on the Deformation Behavior of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 623, p 97–103.
M.J. Kim, H.J. Jeong, J.K. Park, S.T. Hong, and H.N. Han, Modified Johnson-Cook Model Incorporated with Electroplasticity for Uniaxial Tension Under a Pulsed Electric Current, Met. Mater. Int., 2018, 24(1), p 42–50.
J. Magargee, F. Morestin, and J. Cao, Characterization of Flow Stress for Commercially Pure Titanium Subjected to Electrically Assisted Deformation, J. Eng. Mater., 2013, 135(4), p 041003.
G.R. Johnson and W.H. Cook, A Constitutive Model and Data for Metals Subjected to Large Strains, High Strain Rates and High Temperatures, Proc. Seventh Int. Symp. Ballist., 1983, 1983, p 541–547.
Z.J. Tao, X.G. Fan, Y.A.N.G. He, M.A. Jun, and L.I. Heng, A Modified Johnson-Cook Model for NC Warm Bending of Large Diameter Thin-Walled Ti–6Al–4V tube in Wide Ranges of Strain Rates and Temperatures, Trans. Nonferr. Metals Soc. China, 2018, 28(2), p 298–308.
J. Cai, K.S. Wang, P. Zhai, F. Li, and J. Yang, A modified Johnson-Cook Constitutive Equation to Predict Hot Deformation Vehavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2015, 24(1), p 32–44.
F. Mliltskii, Magnetic Effects in Electroplasticity of Metals, Phys. Rev. B, 1995, 22, p 15829–15834.
M.I. Molotskii, Theoretical Basis for Electro- and Magnetoplasticity, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2000, 287(2), p 248–258.
A.K. Lahiri, P. Shanthraj, and F. Roters, Understanding the Mechanisms of Electroplasticity from a Crystal Plasticity Perspective, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, 27(8), p 085006.
S. Zhao, R. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Chong, and A.M. Minor, Defect Reconfiguration in a Ti–Al alloy via Electroplasticity, Nat. Mater., 2020, 20(4), p 468–472.
K. Zhang, J.R. Weertman, and J.A. Eastman, The Influence of Time, Temperature, and Grain Size on Indentation Creep in High-Purity Nanocrystalline and Ultrafine Grain Copper, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2004, 85(22), p 5197–5199.
K. Lu, Stableilizing Nanostructures in Metals Using Grain and Twin Boundary Architectures, Nat. Rev. Mater., 2016, 1(5), p 1–29.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to take this opportunity to express their sincere appreciation.
Funding
This work was supported by “National Natural Science Foundation of China” (51975167) and “Fundamental Research Foundation for Universities of Heilongjiang Province” (2019-KYYWF-0220).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
CC Conceptualization, methodology, software, writing-original draft, experiment, data curation; CL Conceptualization, experiment, software, writing-original draft; CL Conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing; FL Conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing; GZ Conceptualization, experiment, software, writing-original draft; CC Conceptualization, experiment, software, writing-original draft.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent to Publish
Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, C., Li, C., Li, C. et al. Effect of Angle between Pulse Current and Load Direction on Flow Stress of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy under Uniaxial Tension. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 9283–9293 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06921-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06921-2